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Article

Mathematical Modeling, Bifurcation Theory, and Chaos in a Dusty Plasma System with Generalized (r,q) Distributions

1
Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Axioms 2025, 14(8), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080610
Submission received: 18 June 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 2 August 2025 / Published: 5 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Dynamical Systems and Applied Mathematics)

Abstract

This study investigates the dynamics of dust acoustic periodic waves in a three-component, unmagnetized dusty plasma system using generalized (r,q) distributions. First, boundary conditions are applied to reduce the model to a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The Galilean transformation is subsequently applied to reformulate the second-order ordinary differential equation into an unperturbed dynamical system. Next, phase portraits of the system are examined under all possible conditions of the discriminant of the associated cubic polynomial, identifying regions of stability and instability. The Runge–Kutta method is employed to construct the phase portraits of the system. The Hamiltonian function of the unperturbed system is subsequently derived and used to analyze energy levels and verify the phase portraits. Under the influence of an external periodic perturbation, the quasi-periodic and chaotic dynamics of dust ion acoustic waves are explored. Chaos detection tools confirm the presence of quasi-periodic and chaotic patterns using Basin of attraction, Lyapunov exponents, Fractal Dimension, Bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map, Time analysis, Multi-stability analysis, Chaotic attractor, Return map, Power spectrum, and 3D and 2D phase portraits. In addition, the model’s response to different initial conditions was examined through sensitivity analysis.
Keywords: mathematical modeling; sensitivity analysis; bifurcation theory; dynamical systems; dust acoustic waves; Power spectrum mathematical modeling; sensitivity analysis; bifurcation theory; dynamical systems; dust acoustic waves; Power spectrum

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MDPI and ACS Style

Beenish; Samreen, M.; Alshammari, F.S. Mathematical Modeling, Bifurcation Theory, and Chaos in a Dusty Plasma System with Generalized (r,q) Distributions. Axioms 2025, 14, 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080610

AMA Style

Beenish, Samreen M, Alshammari FS. Mathematical Modeling, Bifurcation Theory, and Chaos in a Dusty Plasma System with Generalized (r,q) Distributions. Axioms. 2025; 14(8):610. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080610

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beenish, Maria Samreen, and Fehaid Salem Alshammari. 2025. "Mathematical Modeling, Bifurcation Theory, and Chaos in a Dusty Plasma System with Generalized (r,q) Distributions" Axioms 14, no. 8: 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080610

APA Style

Beenish, Samreen, M., & Alshammari, F. S. (2025). Mathematical Modeling, Bifurcation Theory, and Chaos in a Dusty Plasma System with Generalized (r,q) Distributions. Axioms, 14(8), 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14080610

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