Fixed-Point Results and the Ekeland Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (positivity): and if and only if ;
- (symmetry): ;
- (triangle inequality): .
2. Preliminaries
- (a)
- M is convergent to zero;
- (b)
- The spectral radius of matrix M is less than i.e.,
- (c)
- is invertible and
- (d)
- is inverse-positive.
- (a)
- M is inverse-positive;
- (b)
- M is monotone, i.e., implies
- (c)
- A positive matrix and a real number exist such that the following representation holds:
3. Fixed-Point Theorems in Vector -Metric Spaces
3.1. The Perov-Type Fixed-Point Theorem
- (i)
- is a complete vector -metric space;
- (ii)
- for all and some matrix
- (iii)
- A matrix A convergent to zero exists such that
- (iv)
- The operator N is continuous in .
3.2. Error Estimates
- (10)
- If B is inverse-positive, thenIf in addition the matrix is inverse-positive, then
- (20)
- If B is positive, thenIf in addition is inverse-positive, then
3.3. Stability Results
- (a)
- B and are inverse-positive
- (b)
- B is positive and is inverse-positive.
- (a)
- B and are inverse-positive, where
- (b)
- B is positive and is inverse-positive.
3.4. The Avramescu-Type Fixed-Point Theorem
- (i)
- is continuous for every and there is a matrix A convergent to zero such thatfor all and
- (ii)
- Either
- (a)
- B and is inverse-positive
- (b)
- B is positive and is inverse-positive.
- (iii)
- is continuous and is a relatively compact subset of Y.
- (i)
- is continuous for every and there is a constant such thatfor all and
- (ii)
- (iii)
- is continuous and is a relatively compact subset of Y.
4. Ekeland’s Principle and Caristi’s Fixed-Point Theorem in Vector -Metric Spaces
4.1. Classical Results
4.2. Ekeland’s Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces
- (H)
- For every nonempty closed subset and every , a point exists such thatwhere .
4.3. New Versions of Ekeland’s Variational Principle in b-Metric Spaces
5. Conclusions and Further Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Precup, R.; Stan, A. Fixed-Point Results and the Ekeland Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces. Axioms 2025, 14, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14040250
Precup R, Stan A. Fixed-Point Results and the Ekeland Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces. Axioms. 2025; 14(4):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14040250
Chicago/Turabian StylePrecup, Radu, and Andrei Stan. 2025. "Fixed-Point Results and the Ekeland Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces" Axioms 14, no. 4: 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14040250
APA StylePrecup, R., & Stan, A. (2025). Fixed-Point Results and the Ekeland Variational Principle in Vector B-Metric Spaces. Axioms, 14(4), 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14040250