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Project Report

Mesophotic Hardground Revealed by Multidisciplinary Cruise on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin

by
Luigi Jovane
1,*,
Allana Q. Azevedo
1,
Eduardo H. Marcon
2,
Fernando Collo Correa e Castro
2,
Halesio Milton C. de Barros Neto
2,
Guarani de Hollanda Cavalcanti
2,
Fabíola A. Lima
1,
Linda G. Waters
1,
Camila F. da Silva
1,
André C. Souza
1,
Lucy Gomes Sant’Anna
3,
Thayse Sant’Ana Fonseca
4,
Luis Silva
1,
Marco A. de C. Merschmann
2,
Gilberto P. Dias
1,
Prabodha Das
1,
Celio Roberto Jonck
2,
Rebeca G. M. Lizárraga
1,
Diana C. de Freitas
5,
Maria R. dos Santos
5,
Kerly A. Jardim
6,
Izabela C. Laurentino
5,
Kyssia K. C. Sousa
7,
Marilia C. Pereira
7,
Yasmim da S. Alencar
7,
Nathalia M. L. Costa
7,
Tobias Rafael M. Coelho
7,
Kevin L. C. Ferrer do Carmo
7,
Rebeca C. Melo
7,
Iara Gadioli Santos
8,
Lucas G. Martins
9,
Sabrina P. Ramos
9,
Márcio R. S. dos Santos
9,
Matheus M. de Almeida
9,
Vivian Helena Pellizari
1 and
Paulo Y. G. Sumida
1add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-120, Brazil
2
CENPES/Petrobrás, Rio de Janeiro 21941-915, Brazil
3
Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
4
Laboratório de Estudos Marinhos, Escola Politécnica, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajai 88302-901, Brazil
5
Laboratório de Bioacústica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
6
Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Macapa 68903-329, Brazil
7
Instituto de Ciências do Mar—LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60165-081, Brazil
8
Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitoria 66075-110, Brazil
9
Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem 66075-110, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2024, 14(7), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070702
Submission received: 7 May 2024 / Revised: 4 July 2024 / Accepted: 4 July 2024 / Published: 10 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry)
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Abstract

The Amapá margin, part of the Brazilian Equatorial Margin (BEM), is a key region that plays a strategic role in the global climate balance between the North and South Atlantic Ocean as it is strictly tied to equatorial heat conveyance and the fresh/salt water equilibrium with the Amazon River. We performed a new scientific expedition on the Amapá continental shelf (ACS, northern part of the Amazon continental platform) collecting sediment and using instrumental observation at an unstudied site. We show here the preliminary outcomes following the applied methodologies for investigation. Geophysical, geological, and biological surveys were carried out within the ACS to (1) perform bathymetric and sonographic mapping, high-resolution sub-surface geophysical characterization of the deep environment of the margin of the continental platform, (2) characterize the habitats and benthic communities through underwater images and biological sampling, (3) collect benthic organisms for ecological and taxonomic studies, (4) define the mineralogical and (5) elemental components of sediments from the study region, and (6) identify their provenance. The geophysical data collection included the use of bathymetry, a sub-bottom profiler, side scan sonar, bathythermograph acquisition, moving vessel profiler, and a thermosalinograph. The geological data were obtained through mineralogical, elemental, and grain size analysis. The biological investigation involved epifauna/infauna characterization, microbial analysis, and eDNA analysis. The preliminary results of the geophysical mapping, shallow seismic, and ultrasonographic surveys endorsed the identification of a hard substrate in a mesophotic environment. The preliminary geological data allowed the identification of amphibole, feldspar, biotite, as well as other minerals (e.g., calcite, quartz, goethite, ilmenite) present in the substrata of the Amapá continental shelf. Silicon, iron, calcium, and aluminum composes ~85% of sediments from the ACS. Sand and clay are the main fraction from these sediments. Within the sediments, Polychaeta (Annelida) dominated, followed by Crustacea (Arthropoda), and Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata). Through TowCam videos, 35 taxons with diverse epifauna were recorded, including polychaetes, hydroids, algae, gastropods, anemones, cephalopods, crustaceans, fishes, and sea stars.
Keywords: Amapá continental shelf; multidisciplinary cruise; Great Amazon Reef System; Amazon River plume Amapá continental shelf; multidisciplinary cruise; Great Amazon Reef System; Amazon River plume

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Jovane, L.; Azevedo, A.Q.; Marcon, E.H.; Castro, F.C.C.e.; Neto, H.M.C.d.B.; Cavalcanti, G.d.H.; Lima, F.A.; Waters, L.G.; Silva, C.F.d.; Souza, A.C.; et al. Mesophotic Hardground Revealed by Multidisciplinary Cruise on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. Minerals 2024, 14, 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070702

AMA Style

Jovane L, Azevedo AQ, Marcon EH, Castro FCCe, Neto HMCdB, Cavalcanti GdH, Lima FA, Waters LG, Silva CFd, Souza AC, et al. Mesophotic Hardground Revealed by Multidisciplinary Cruise on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. Minerals. 2024; 14(7):702. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070702

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jovane, Luigi, Allana Q. Azevedo, Eduardo H. Marcon, Fernando Collo Correa e Castro, Halesio Milton C. de Barros Neto, Guarani de Hollanda Cavalcanti, Fabíola A. Lima, Linda G. Waters, Camila F. da Silva, André C. Souza, and et al. 2024. "Mesophotic Hardground Revealed by Multidisciplinary Cruise on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin" Minerals 14, no. 7: 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070702

APA Style

Jovane, L., Azevedo, A. Q., Marcon, E. H., Castro, F. C. C. e., Neto, H. M. C. d. B., Cavalcanti, G. d. H., Lima, F. A., Waters, L. G., Silva, C. F. d., Souza, A. C., Sant’Anna, L. G., Fonseca, T. S., Silva, L., Merschmann, M. A. d. C., Dias, G. P., Das, P., Jonck, C. R., Lizárraga, R. G. M., Freitas, D. C. d., ... Sumida, P. Y. G. (2024). Mesophotic Hardground Revealed by Multidisciplinary Cruise on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. Minerals, 14(7), 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14070702

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