In Situ LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Minerals Hosted by Late Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting and Sample Description
3. Methods and Results
3.1. Methods
3.2. Results
3.2.1. Olivine
3.2.2. Clinopyroxene
Major Element Composition
Trace Element Composition
3.2.3. Plagioclase
Major Element Composition
Trace Element Composition
4. Discussion
4.1. Nature of the Source Lithology
4.2. Primary Melt Compositions and the Mantle Potential Temperature
4.3. Physical Conditions of Crystallization
4.3.1. Crystallization Pressure and Temperature of Clinopyroxenes
4.3.2. Crystallization Pressure and Temperature of Plagioclase
4.4. Tectonic Implications
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The order of mineral crystallization of the late Cenozoic basalts of Thailand was olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, which is consistent with that of typical OIB. The source lithology of the Thailand basaltic rocks could be garnet pyroxenite.
- (2)
- The clinopyroxene discrimination diagrams exhibited that the parental-magma formed in an intraplate tectonic setting environment.
- (3)
- The crystallization pressure and temperature of clinopyroxenes in late Cenozoic basaltic rocks in Thailand ranged from 0.4–0.9 GPa and 1145–1214 °C, similar to those of the SCS basin and northern Hainan Island. The crystallization pressure and temperatures of plagioclase ranged from 0.3–0.9 Gpa and 1067 °C to 1133 °C, which is similar to those for the SCS. The above characteristics showed that parental magmas of late Cenozoic basaltic rocks from Thailand had experienced multiphase crystallization and fractionation during its ascent to the surface. Moreover, the plagioclase had a high An content, suggesting that it was produced during the rapid upwelling of magma.
- (4)
- The effective melting pressure and melting temperature based on the primary melts were 22.3–27.4 kbar and 1425–1442 °C, respectively, which was similar to the northern Hainan Island and the Southern Vietnam. The mantle potential temperature beneath Thailand is in the range 1448–1467 °C, slightly lower than north of Hainan Island and Southern Vietnam.
- (5)
- This study provides some additional important evidence (e.g., magmatic processes, mantle potential temperatures) for the Hainan mantle plume affecting Thailand and other areas in the Indochina block (e.g., Vietnam).
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Starting Sample | WCB-1 | WCB-2 | WCB-3 | MATA-2 | Southern Vietnam | Northern Hainan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rock type | Trachybasalt | Trachybasalt | Trachybasalt | Basanite | Basanite | |
Olivine add (%) | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 13–15 | 18–25 |
SiO2 | 47.3 | 47.1 | 47.3 | 45.9 | - | |
TiO2 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | ||
Al2O3 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 13.3 | 12.9 | ||
Cr2O3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
Fe2O3 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | ||
FeO | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 9.5 | ||
MnO | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||
MgO | 15.3 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 15.1 | ||
CaO | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.7 | ||
Na2O | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.2 | ||
K2O | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | ||
NiO | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
P2O5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||
H2O | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 | ||
F (%) | 13.0 | 12.4 | 15.5 | 7.1 | 4–7 | 14–19 |
Pf1 | 24.8 | 25.9 | 25.0 | 30.9 | 33.6–36.6 | 17.2–33.7 |
Pf2 | 19.8 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 23.9 | 27.5–30.4 | 15.6–30.2 |
Pf3 | 22.3 | 23.2 | 22.9 | 27.4 | 29.7–32.8 | 17.8–31.6 |
SD | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 3–4 | 1.5–3.6 |
T1 | 1457 | 1457 | 1471 | 1464 | - | - |
T2 | 1396 | 1394 | 1412 | 1391 | 1444–1459 | 1429–1514 |
T3 | 1426 | 1425 | 1442 | 1427 | 1463–1480 | 1420–1529 |
SD | 30 | 31 | 30 | 36 | 16–22 | 3–34 |
TP1 | 1466 | 1464 | 1481 | 1461 | - | - |
TP2 | 1442 | 1440 | 1458 | 1437 | 1469–1482 | 1454–1536 |
TP3 | 1447 | 1443 | 1462 | 1445 | 1458–1496 | 1413–1611 |
TP4 | 1452 | 1449 | 1467 | 1448 | 1468–1490 | 1468–1561 |
SD | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 1–9 | 25–55 |
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Yuan, L.; Yan, Q.; Shi, X.; Zhang, H.; Liu, X. In Situ LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Minerals Hosted by Late Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from Thailand. Minerals 2019, 9, 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9070446
Yuan L, Yan Q, Shi X, Zhang H, Liu X. In Situ LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Minerals Hosted by Late Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from Thailand. Minerals. 2019; 9(7):446. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9070446
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Long, Quanshu Yan, Xuefa Shi, Haitao Zhang, and Xijun Liu. 2019. "In Situ LA-ICP-MS Analysis of Minerals Hosted by Late Cenozoic Basaltic Rocks from Thailand" Minerals 9, no. 7: 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9070446