Activation Mechanism of Lead Ions in Perovskite Flotation with Octyl Hydroxamic Acid Collector
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Microflotation Experiments
2.3. Zeta-Potential Measurements
2.4. FT-IR Spectroscopy Analysis
2.5. Adsorption Tests
2.6. XPS Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microflotation Experiments
3.2. Zeta-Potential Measurements
3.3. Adsorption Tests
3.4. FT-IR Analysis
3.5. XPS Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- In the present study, the effects of lead ions on the perovskite flotability and the activation mechanism of lead ions in perovskite flotation with an octyl hydroxamic acid collector were investigated using microflotation experiments, zeta-potential measurements, adsorption tests, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. The results of microflotation and adsorption tests indicate that the presence of Pb2+ can promote the adsorption of OHA on the perovskite surface and enhance the flotability of perovskite in a wide pH range. In addition, maximum recovery of 79.62% could be obtained at pH 6.5 in the presence of Pb2+.
- The zeta-potential shows that specific adsorption of OHA and lead species on the perovskite surface can occur. FT-IR and XPS measurements indicate that the adsorption of lead ions on the perovskite surface is mainly chemical adsorption. FT-IR analysis gives further evidence that the lead species react with titanium hydroxyl compounds on the perovskite surface to form lead complexes, which are the main active sites for OHA adsorption. Meanwhile, FT-IR and XPS analyses confirm that OHA chemisorbs on the surface of Pb2+-activated perovskite and forms hydrophobic Pb-OHA complexes, and then the nonpolar part of OHA species molecules will adsorb the nonpolar part of the former OHA species through hydrogen bonds to form multi-layer adsorption. This adsorption mode improves the flotability of perovskite.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | TiO2 | CaO | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Perovskite | 58.77 | 41.23 | 100.00 |
Sample | Surface Atomic Composition (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | Ti2p | Ca2p | O1s | Pb4f | N1s | |
Perovskite | 43.18 | 11.02 | 7.72 | 36.69 | - | - |
Perovskite (pH = 6.5) | 33.37 | 13.48 | 8.49 | 43.10 | - | - |
Perovskite + Pb2+ (pH = 6.5) | 37.64 | 12.58 | 8.35 | 39.86 | 0.44 | |
Perovskite + OHA (pH = 6.5) | 49.37 | 10.05 | 6.43 | 32.02 | 0.55 | |
Perovskite + Pb2+ + OHA (pH = 6.5) | 58.44 | 8.08 | 5.33 | 26.24 | 0.52 | 0.86 |
Sample | Binding Energy (eV) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | Ti2p | C1s | O1s | C1s | N1s | |
Perovskite | 284.78 | 458.58 | 346.48 | 529.58 | - | - |
Perovskite + Pb2+ | 284.77 | 457.85 | 346.55 | 529.93 | 138.50 | - |
Perovskite + OHA | 284.73 | 458.07 | 346.57 | 529.83 | - | 399.98 |
Perovskite + Pb2+ + OHA | 284.75 | 457.71 | 346.54 | 529.85 | 138.16 | 400.69 |
Sample | Chemical Shift (eV) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | Ti2p | Ca2p | O1s | Pb4f | N1s | |
Perovskite + Pb2+ | −0.01 | −0.73 | +0.07 | +0.35 | - | - |
Perovskite + OHA | −0.05 | −0.51 | +0.09 | +0.25 | - | - |
Perovskite + Pb2+ + OHA | −0.03 | −0.87 | +0.06 | +0.27 | −0.34 | +0.71 |
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Zheng, Y.; Cui, Y.; Wang, W. Activation Mechanism of Lead Ions in Perovskite Flotation with Octyl Hydroxamic Acid Collector. Minerals 2018, 8, 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080341
Zheng Y, Cui Y, Wang W. Activation Mechanism of Lead Ions in Perovskite Flotation with Octyl Hydroxamic Acid Collector. Minerals. 2018; 8(8):341. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080341
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Yu, Yating Cui, and Weiqing Wang. 2018. "Activation Mechanism of Lead Ions in Perovskite Flotation with Octyl Hydroxamic Acid Collector" Minerals 8, no. 8: 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080341