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Minerals
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/min15121263
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Article

Application of Hydrothermal Carbon/Bentonite Composites in Improving the Thermal Stability, Filtration, and Lubrication of Water-Based Drilling Fluids

by
Yubin Zhang
1,
Daqi Li
1,
Xianguang Wang
1,
Changzhi Chen
2,3 and
Hanyi Zhong
2,3,*
1
Sinopec Key Laboratory of Ultra-Deep Well Drilling Engineering Technology, SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
3
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2025, 15(12), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121263 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 6 October 2025 / Revised: 2 November 2025 / Accepted: 25 November 2025 / Published: 28 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clay Minerals: Roles in Oil and Gas Generation, Drilling, and Enhanced Recovery)
Versions Notes

Abstract

With the increasing harsh drilling environments encountered more frequently than ever before, developing environmentally benign and multifunctional additives is essential to formulate high performance drilling fluids. Herein, hydrothermal carbon/bentonite composites (HCBCs) were prepared by a hydrothermal carbonization reaction using soluble starch and sodium bentonite as raw materials. A systematic investigation was conducted into the effects of HCBC concentration on the rheological, filtration, and lubricating characteristics of xanthan gum, modified starch, and high-temperature polymer slurries. These properties were evaluated before and after exposure to hot rolling at different temperatures. The hydroxyl radical scavenging properties of HCBC were evaluated. Observation showed plentiful micro- and nano-sized carbon spheres deposited on the bentonite particles, endowing the bentonite with better dispersion. HCBCs could maintain stability of the water-based drilling fluids’ rheological profile, decrease filtration loss, and improve the lubrication with relatively low concentrations. The excellent properties were attributed to the highly efficient scavenging of free radicals and the stabilization of bentonite particle dispersion.
Keywords: water-based drilling fluid; high temperature degradation; hydrothermal carbon/bentonite composites; radical scavenging; properties stability water-based drilling fluid; high temperature degradation; hydrothermal carbon/bentonite composites; radical scavenging; properties stability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.; Li, D.; Wang, X.; Chen, C.; Zhong, H. Application of Hydrothermal Carbon/Bentonite Composites in Improving the Thermal Stability, Filtration, and Lubrication of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. Minerals 2025, 15, 1263. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121263

AMA Style

Zhang Y, Li D, Wang X, Chen C, Zhong H. Application of Hydrothermal Carbon/Bentonite Composites in Improving the Thermal Stability, Filtration, and Lubrication of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. Minerals. 2025; 15(12):1263. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121263

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yubin, Daqi Li, Xianguang Wang, Changzhi Chen, and Hanyi Zhong. 2025. "Application of Hydrothermal Carbon/Bentonite Composites in Improving the Thermal Stability, Filtration, and Lubrication of Water-Based Drilling Fluids" Minerals 15, no. 12: 1263. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121263

APA Style

Zhang, Y., Li, D., Wang, X., Chen, C., & Zhong, H. (2025). Application of Hydrothermal Carbon/Bentonite Composites in Improving the Thermal Stability, Filtration, and Lubrication of Water-Based Drilling Fluids. Minerals, 15(12), 1263. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15121263

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