Features of Arsenic Distribution in the Soils of Potash Mines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling | Min. Value | Max. Value | Average Value | Median |
---|---|---|---|---|
Background area relative to potash mining area: | ||||
Entire territory (n = 81) | 2.42 | 6.30 | 4.56 | 4.61 |
by landscape type: | ||||
Areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by typical forest communities on zonal soils (n = 27) | 2.60 | 5.54 | 4.10 | 4.03 |
Eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes (n = 27) | 3.30 | 6.30 | 5.61 | 5.80 |
Transaccumulative and accumulative landscapes within wetland ecotopes and floodplains of small rivers (n = 27) | 2.42 | 5.70 | 3.95 | 4.03 |
Potash mining areas outside of soil salinisation areas: | ||||
Entire territory (n = 64) | 3.10 | 7.40 | 5.03 | 4.90 |
by landscape type: | ||||
Areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by forest vegetation on conditionally natural zonal soils (n = 36) | 3.10 | 7.40 | 4.55 | 4.20 |
Eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes (n = 16) | 4.10 | 6.40 | 5.40 | 5.80 |
Transaccumulative landscapes within small river valleys (n = 12) | 4.20 | 7.40 | 5.98 | 6.20 |
Areas of soil salinisation in the zone affected by the potash industry: | ||||
Chloride-type soil salinity areas—content Cl− 1.49–36.35 g/kg (n = 7) | 7.40 | 8.00 | 7.64 | 7.60 |
Sampling | ρ * | Tightness of Correlation on the Cheddock Scale | Statistical Significance of the Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
t (ρ) | tcritical (ρcritical) | Significance Assessment | |||
Background area relative to potash mining area: | |||||
Entire territory (n = 81) | −0.064 | low | −0.566 | 1.991 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p = 0.572786) |
by landscape type: | |||||
Areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by typical forest communities on zonal soils (n = 27) | 0.064 | low | 0.064 | 0.382 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p > 0.05) |
Eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes (n = 27) | −0.225 | low | −0.225 | 0.382 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p > 0.05) |
Transaccumulative and accumulative landscapes within wetland ecotopes and floodplains of small rivers (n = 27) | −0.105 | low | −0.105 | 0.382 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p > 0.05) |
Potash mines outside of soil salinisation areas: | |||||
entire territory (n = 64) | 0.276 | low | 2.262 | 1.999 | the relationship is statistically significant (p = 0.027297) |
by landscape type: | |||||
Areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by forest vegetation on conditionally natural zonal soils (n = 36) | 0.485 | moderate | 0.485 | 0.33 | the relationship is statistically significant (p < 0.05) |
Eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes (n = 16) | 0.229 | low | 0.229 | 0.503 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p > 0.05) |
Transaccumulative landscapes within small river valleys (n = 12) | 0.075 | low | 0.075 | 0.587 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p > 0.05) |
Areas of soil salinisation in the zone affected by potash industry: | |||||
Chloride-type soil salinity areas—content Cl− 1.49–36.35 g/kg (n = 7) | 0.563 | significant | 0.563 | 0.786 | the relationship is not statistically significant (p > 0.05) |
Sampling | Min. Value | Max. Value | Average Value | Median | SD * | V |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg/kg | % | |||||
Background area relative to potash mining area: | ||||||
Entire territory (n = 81) | 0.10 | 14.48 | 3.35 | 2.96 | 2.45 | 73.17 |
by landscape type: | ||||||
Areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by typical forest communities on zonal soils (n = 27) | 0.10 | 6.40 | 3.06 | 2.60 | 1.82 | 59.55 |
Eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes (n = 27) | 0.10 | 6.00 | 3.10 | 3.30 | 1.86 | 59.98 |
Transaccumulative and accumulative landscapes within wetland ecotopes and floodplains of small rivers (n = 27) | 0.50 | 14.48 | 3.88 | 2.96 | 3.35 | 86.42 |
Potash mines outside of soil salinisation areas: | ||||||
Entire territory (n = 64) | 0.50 | 19.90 | 3.63 | 2.80 | 2.81 | 77.35 |
by landscape type: | ||||||
Areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by forest vegetation on conditionally natural zonal soils (n = 36) | 0.50 | 8.30 | 3.36 | 2.75 | 1.77 | 52.67 |
Eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes (n = 16) | 1.60 | 19.90 | 3.92 | 2.80 | 4.34 | 110.71 |
Transaccumulative landscapes within small river valleys (n = 12) | 1.30 | 11.00 | 4.04 | 2.90 | 2.98 | 73.70 |
- on the granulometric composition of soils | ||||||
Sandy soils (n = 6) | 1.30 | 3.30 | 2.30 | 2.35 | 0.64 | 27.91 |
Sandy loam soils (n = 9) | 0.50 | 7.50 | 2.72 | 2.00 | 2.19 | 80.52 |
Light loamy soils (n = 32) | 1.60 | 19.90 | 3.80 | 2.80 | 3.39 | 89.30 |
Soils of medium loamy composition (n = 10) | 2.20 | 5.00 | 3.25 | 2.95 | 0.89 | 27.34 |
Heavy loamy soils (n = 7) | 2.20 | 8.90 | 5.70 | 4.70 | 2.63 | 46.10 |
Areas of soil salinisation in the zone affected by the potash industry: | ||||||
Chloride-type soil salinity areas—content Cl− 1.49–36.35 g/kg (n = 7) | 15.56 | 32.75 | 20.51 | 18.27 | 5.89 | 28.72 |
№ | Sampling | n * | T * | U * | Ucritical * | Assessing the Credibility of Differences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Background areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by typical forest communities on zonal soils | 27 | 810 | 432 | 367 | Differences between samples are not significant |
Potash mining areas within eluvial and transit landscapes, covered with forest vegetation on conditionally natural zonal soils | 36 | 1206 | ||||
2 | Background areas of eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes | 27 | 588 | 210 | 150 | Differences between samples are not significant |
Potash mining areas within eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes | 16 | 358 | ||||
3 | Background areas of transaccumulative and accumulative landscapes within wetland ecotopes and floodplains of small rivers | 27 | 529 | 151 | 107 | Differences between samples are not significant |
Potash mining areas within the transaccumulative landscapes of small river valleys | 12 | 251 |
№ | Sampling | n * | T * | H * | p-Value | Assessing the Credibility of Differences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Background areas of eluvial and transit landscapes occupied by typical forest communities on zonal soils | 27 | 1069 | 0.3485 | 0.84009 | The result is not significant at p < 0.05 |
Background areas of eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes | 27 | 1087 | ||||
Background areas of transaccumulative and accumulative landscapes within wetland ecotopes and floodplains of small rivers | 27 | 1165 | ||||
2 | Potash mining areas within eluvial and transit landscapes, covered with forest vegetation on conditionally natural zonal soils | 36 | 1171 | 0.076 | 0.96269 | The result is not significant at p < 0.05 |
Potash mining areas within eluvial and transit former agricultural landscapes | 16 | 506 | ||||
Potash mining areas within the transaccumulative landscapes of small river valleys | 12 | 403 | ||||
3 | Background relative to potash mines area | 81 | 5759 | 19.8666 | 0.00005 | The result is significant at p < 0.05 |
Potash mines outside of soil salinisation areas | 64 | 4831 | ||||
Areas of soil salinisation in the zone affected by the potash industry | 7 | 1038 | ||||
4 | Potash mining areas with sandy soils | 6 | 115.5 | 14.2319 | 0.00659 | The result is significant at p < 0.05 |
Potash mining areas with sandy loam soils | 9 | 171 | ||||
Potash mining areas with light loamy soils | 32 | 1077.5 | ||||
Potash mining areas with medium loamy soils | 10 | 370.5 | ||||
Potash mining areas with heavy loam soils | 7 | 345.5 |
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Karavaeva, T.; Menshikova, E.; Belkin, P.; Zhdakaev, V. Features of Arsenic Distribution in the Soils of Potash Mines. Minerals 2022, 12, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081029
Karavaeva T, Menshikova E, Belkin P, Zhdakaev V. Features of Arsenic Distribution in the Soils of Potash Mines. Minerals. 2022; 12(8):1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081029
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaravaeva, Tatiana, Elena Menshikova, Pavel Belkin, and Vyacheslav Zhdakaev. 2022. "Features of Arsenic Distribution in the Soils of Potash Mines" Minerals 12, no. 8: 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081029