The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Setting of the Pampean Pegmatite Province
3. The Lithium-Bearing Pegmatite Belt and Its Main Pegmatite Districts
3.1. El Quemado Pegmatite District (QPD)
3.2. Ancasti Pegmatite District (APD)
3.3. Conlara Pegmatite District (CPD)
3.4. Totoral Pegmatite District (TPD)
3.5. La Estanzuela and Altautina Pegmatite Districts
4. Discussion
4.1. Metallogenesis
4.2. Resources
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Kesler, S.E.; Gruber, P.W.; Medina, P.A.; Keoleian, G.A.; Everson, M.P.; Wallington, T.J. Global lithium resources: Relative importance of pegmatite, brine and other deposits. Ore Geol. Rev. 2012, 48, 55–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mohr, S.H.; Mudd, G.M.; Giurco, D. Lithium resources and production: Critical assessment and global projections. Minerals 2012, 2, 65–84. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kalevi, R.; Pasi, E.; Timo, A.; Tapio, H.; Niilo, K.; Janne, K.; Panu, L.; Tuomo, T. Quantitative assessment of undiscovered resources in lithium-caesium-tantalum pegmatite hosted deposits in Finland. Bulletin 2018, 406, 1–172. [Google Scholar]
- Gourcerol, B.; Gloaguen, E.; Melleton, J.; Tuduri, J.; Galiegue, X. Re-assessing the European lithium resource potential–A review of hard-rock resources and metallogeny. Ore Geol. Rev. 2019, 109, 494–519. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bowell, R.J.; Lagos, L.; de los Hoyos, C.R.; Declercq, J. Classification and characteristics of natural lithium resources. Elements 2020, 16, 259–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herrera, A.O. Las pegmatitas de la provincia de San Luis: Estructura, Mineralogía y Génesis. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1963, 18, 43–71. [Google Scholar]
- Herrera, A.O. Geochemical evolution of zoned pegmatites of Argentina. Econ. Geol. 1968, 63, 13–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balmaceda, A.N. Estudio geológico de las pegmatitas santa gertrudis e ipizca II, Sierra de Ancasti-Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina. In Proceedings of the V Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 17–22 October 1982; Volume 2, pp. 751–761. [Google Scholar]
- Balmaceda, A.N.; Kaniefsky, S. Caracterización de dos pegmatitas de espodumeno situadas en las provincias de Catamarca y San Luis. In Proceedings of the V Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 17–22 October 1982; Volume 2, pp. 213–224. [Google Scholar]
- Rossi, N.I. Manifestaciones litíferas del departamento El Alto. Provincia de Catamarca. Inst. Nac. Geol. Min. 1965, 608, 1–38. [Google Scholar]
- Rossi, N.I. Distrito pegmatitico Conlara, provincia de San Luis. Inst. Nac. Geol. Min. 1966, 572, 1–171. [Google Scholar]
- Fernández Lima, F.; Rinaldi, C.; Turazzini, G. Pegmatita litífera “Reflejos de Mar”. Ancasti, provincia de Catamarca. In Proceedings of the IV Jornadas Geológicas Argentinas, Mendoza, Argentina, 6–16 April 1972; pp. 43–60. [Google Scholar]
- Chabert, M.R.; Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Actualización del Inventario de Yacimientos Pegmatiticos Productores de Minerales de Litio y Berilio en la Provincia de San Luis; Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares—Centro de Exploración Geológico Minera. 1986; Unpublished work. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. Distrito Minero El Quemado, Departamentos La Poma y Cachi, Provincia de Salta. I: El basamento del tramo septentrional de la Sierra de Cachi. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1983, 38, 209–224. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. Distrito Minero El Quemado, Departamentos La Poma y Cachi, Provincia de Salta. II: Geología de sus Pegmatitas. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1983, 38, 340–380. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. La provincia pegmatítica pampeana: I tipología y distribución de sus distritos económicos. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1994, 49, 99–112. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. La provincia pegmatítica pampeana: II metalogénesis de sus distritos económicos. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1994, 49, 113–122. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Perino, E.; Gásquez, J.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Olsina, R. Geoquímica de feldespatos potásicos y muscovitas como guía de exploración de pegmatitas graníticas de algunos distritos de la provincia pegmatítica pampeana. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1997, 52, 24–32. [Google Scholar]
- Angelelli, V.; Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rinaldi, C.; Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Yacimientos de minerales de litio de las provincias de San Luis y Córdoba. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Informe 91 Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1963; Unpublished work. [Google Scholar]
- Lorefice, J.D.; Sabio, D.A. Minería del Litio en la Argentina. In Proceedings of the II Congreso Ibero-americano de Geología Económica, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 15–19 December 1975; Volume 2, pp. 315–330. [Google Scholar]
- Cameron, E.N.; Jahns, R.H.; McNair, A.H.; Page, L.R. Internal structure of granitic pegmatites. Econ. Geol. Monogr. 1949, 2, 115. [Google Scholar]
- Černý, P.; Ercit, T.S. The classification of granitic pegmatites revisited. Can. Mineral. 2005, 44, 2005–2026. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wise, M.A.; Müller, A.; Simmons, W.B. A proposed new mineralogical classification system for granitic pegmatites. Can. Mineral. 2022, 60, 229–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramos, V.A.; Cristallini, E.O.; Pérez, D.J. The Pampean flat-slab of the Central Andes. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2002, 15, 59–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rapela, C.W.; Verdecchia, S.O.; Casquet, C.; Pankhurst, R.J.; Baldo, E.G.; Galindo, C.; Murra, J.A.; Dalquist, J.A.; Fanning, C.M. Identifying Laurentia and SW Gondwana sources in the Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Sierras Pampeanas: Paleogeographic and tectonic implications. Gondwana Res. 2016, 32, 193–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramos, V.A.; Martino, R.D.; Otamendi, J.E.; Escayola, M.P. Evolución geotectónica de las Sierras Pampeanas Orientales. In Geología y Recursos Naturales de la provincia de Córdoba, Proceedings of the XIX Congreso Geológico Argentino, Córdoba, Argentina, 2–6 June 2014; Impresión Premat Industria Gráfica SRL: Córdoba, Argentina; pp. 965–977.
- Drobe, M.; de Luchi, M.G.L.; Steenken, A.; Frei, R.; Naumann, R.; Siegesmund, S.; Wemmer, K. Provenance of the late Proterozoic to early Cambrian metaclastic sediments of the Sierra de San Luis (Eastern Sierras Pampeanas) and cordillera Oriental, Argentina. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2009, 28, 239–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramos, V.A. The Grenville-age basement of the Andes. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2010, 29, 77–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weinberg, R.F.; Becchio, R.; Farias, P.; Suzaño, N.; Sola, A. Early Paleozoic accretionary orogenies in NW Argentina: Growth of West Gondwana. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2018, 187, 219–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pankhurst, R.J.; Rapela, C.W.; Fanning, C.M. Age and origin of coeval TTG, I- and S-type granites in the Famatinian belt of NW Argentina. Earth Environ. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 2000, 91, 151–168. [Google Scholar]
- Rapela, C.W.; Pankhurst, R.J.; Casquet, C.; Dahlquist, J.A.; Fanning, C.M.; Baldo, E.G.; Galindo, C.; Alasino, P.H.; Ramacciotti, C.D.; Verdecchia, S.O.; et al. A review of the Famatinian Ordovician magmatism in southern South America: Evidence of lithosphere reworking and continental subduction in the early proto-Andean margin of Gondwana. Earth-Sci. Rev. 2018, 187, 259–285. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lira, R.; Galliski, M.Á.; Bernard, F.; Roquet, M.B. The intragranitic Potrerillos NYF pegmatites and their A-type host granites of the Las Chacras—Potrerillos batholith, Sierra de San Luis, Argentina. Can. Mineral. 2012, 50, 1729–1750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sims, J.P.; Skirrow, R.G.; Stuart-Smith, P.G.; Lyons, P. Informe Geológico y metalogénico de las Sierras de San Luis y Comechingones (Provincias de San Luis y Córdoba), 1:250.000; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1997; Volume 28, pp. 1–148. [Google Scholar]
- Schalamuk, I.B.; Ramis, A. Pegmatitas andalucíticas de Mazán, La Rioja. In Recursos Minerales de la República Argentina; Zappettini, E.O., Ed.; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; Volume 35, pp. 397–400. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. Distrito Pegmatítico Alta Gracia, Córdoba. In Recursos Minerales de la República Argentina; Zappettini, E.O., Ed.; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; Volume 35, pp. 401–403. [Google Scholar]
- Demartis, M.; Jung, S.; Berndt, J.; Aragón, E.; Sato, A.M.; Radice, S.; Insúa, L.A.A. Famatinian inner arc: Petrographical observations and geochronological constraints on pegmatites and leucogranites of the Comechingones pegmatitic field (Sierras de Córdoba, Argentina). J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2017, 79, 239–253. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aceñolaza, F.G.; Miller, H.; Toselli, A.J. The puncoviscana formation (late Precambrian—early Cambrian).-sedimentology, tectonometamorphic history and age of the oldest rocks of NW Argentina. In The Southern Central Andes; Bahlburg, H., Breitkreuz, C., Giese, P., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1988; Volume 35, pp. 347–350. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Tosselli, A.J.; Saavedra, J. Cachi high-alumina trondhjemites, northwestern Argentina. In Plutonism from Antarctica to Alaska; Kay, S.M., Rapela, C.W., Eds.; Special Paper 241; Geological Society of America: Boulder, CO, USA, 1990; pp. 91–100. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. Distrito pegmatítico El Quemado, Salta. In Recursos Minerales de la República Argentina; Zappettini, E.O., Ed.; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; Volume 35, pp. 347–350. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; von Quadt, A.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F. LA-ICP-MS UPb columbite ages and trace-element signature from rare-element granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina. Lithos 2021, 386, 106001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Acosta, G.; Dirección de Minas, Catamarca, Argentina; Jurado Marrón, H.; Dirección de Minas, Catamarca, Argentina; Fuentes, S.; Dirección de Minas, Catamarca, Argentina; Watkins, S.; Dirección de Minas, Catamarca, Argentina; Ovejero de Filippin, A.; Dirección de Minas, Catamarca, Argentina. Estudio geoeconómico de pegmatitas. Gobierno de la provincia de Catamarca—Dirección Provincial de Minería—Consejo Federal de Inversiones, Catamarca. 1988; Unpublished work. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Linares, E. New K-Ar muscovite ages from pegmatites of the Pampean Pegmatite Province. In Actas II South American Symposium on Isotope Geology; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; Volume 34, pp. 63–67. [Google Scholar]
- Marconi, C.R.; Servicio Nacional Geológico Minero, San Martín, Argentina. Cubicación de tres yacimientos litíferos del departamento “El Alto”, provincia de Catamarca. 1972; Unpublished work. [Google Scholar]
- Warr, L.N. IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Min. Mag. 2021, 85, 291–320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Černy, P.; Ferguson, R.B. The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba; IV, Petalite and spodumene relations. Can. Mineral. 1972, 11, 660–678. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F. La presencia de “squi” y su significado en algunas pegmatitas del distrito El Quemado, Nevados de Palermo, provincia de Salta. In Proceedings of the XIV Congreso Geológico Argentino, Salta, Argentina, 19–24 September 1999; Volume 1, p. 95. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Černý, P. Geochemistry and structural state of columbite-group minerals from granitic pegmatites of the Pampean Ranges. Can. Mineral. 2006, 44, 645–666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Cooper, M.A.; Černý, P.; Hawthorne, F.C. Bismutotantalite from Northwestern Argentina: Description and crystal structure. Can. Mineral. 2001, 39, 103–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lottner, U. Las pegmatitas de la Sierra de Ancasti. In Geología de la Sierra de Ancasti; Aceñolaza, F.G., Miller, H., y Toselli, A., Eds.; Münstersche Forschung zur Geologie und Paläontologie: Münster, Germany, 1983; Volume 59, pp. 137–151. [Google Scholar]
- Sardi, F.G.; Pueyrredón, J.M.A.; Ceccarelli, J.D.T. Estudio geológico preliminar de las pegmatitas litíferas de losgrupos Villismán y El Taco, Sierra de Ancasti, Catamarca. Acta Geol. Lilloana 2013, 25, 69–73. [Google Scholar]
- Marangone, S.; Sardi, F.G.; Altenberger, U.; Griffin, K.; Cisterna, C.E.; Schleicher, A. Geochemistry of the Villismán granite, associated aplite-pegmatites and surrounding Li-pegmatites, Sierra de Ancasti, Argentina. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2020, 103, 102764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sardi, F.G.; de Barrio, R.; Colombo, F.; Marangone, S.; Ramis, A.; Curci, M.; Muruaga, C.M. Pegmatitas graníticas de la región noroeste de Argentina. In Proceedings of the XX Congreso Geológico Argentino. Ciencias de la Tierra y Recursos Naturales del NOA, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, 7–11 August 2017; Muruaga, C.M., Grosse, P., Eds.; Asociación Geológica Argentina: Maipú, Argentina; pp. 971–1002. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. Distrito Pegmatítico Ancasti, Catamarca. In Recursos Minerales de la República Argentina; Zappettini, E.O., Ed.; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; Volume 35, pp. 393–396. [Google Scholar]
- Latin Resources. Available online: https://www.latinresources.com.au/catamarca-project-argentina/ (accessed on 27 April 2022).
- Gordillo, C.E.; Lencinas, A.N. Sierras Pampeanas de Córdoba y San Luis. In Geología Regional Argentina; Academia Nacional de Ciencias: Córdoba, Argentina, 1979; Volume 1, pp. 577–650. [Google Scholar]
- Morosini, A.; Enriquez, E.; Pagano, D.; Orozco, B.; Ulacco, J.; Tibaldi, A.; Cristofolini, E.; Muñoz, B.; Suárez, A.O.; Montenegro, V.; et al. Las Cañas plutonic complex: Geodynamic implications during the Famatinian magmatism in northeast of Sierra de San Luis, Argentina. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2019, 93, 313–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Steenken, A.; López de Luchi, M.G.; Martino, R.D.; Siegesmund, S.; Wemmer, K. SHRIMP dating of the El Peñón granite: A time marker at the turning point between the Pampean and Famatinian cycles within the Conlara metamorphic complex (sierra de San Luis, Argentina). In Proceedings of the XVI Congreso Geológico Argentino, La Plata, Argentina, 20–23 September 2005; pp. 889–896. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á. Distrito pegmatítico Conlara, San Luis. In Recursos Minerales de la República Argentina; Zappettini, E.O., Ed.; Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales SEGEMAR: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1999; Volume 35, pp. 365–368. [Google Scholar]
- López de Luchi, M.G.; Siegesmund, S.; Wemmer, K.; Nolte, N. Petrogenesis of the postcollisional Middle Devonian monzonitic to granitic magmatism of the Sierra de San Luis, Argentina. Lithos 2017, 288, 191–213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maisterrena, E. Estudio del Distrito Pegmatítico en el Extremo Norte de la Sierra de San Luis, Zona de Loma del Cercado y Los Chañares. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1984. [Google Scholar]
- Martínez, V.A. Geología y Mineralogía Comparativa de Diferentes Tipos de Pegmatitas Litíferas de la Provincia de San Luis, Argentina. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Martínez, V.A.; Galliski, M.Á. Geología, mineralogía y geoquímica de la pegmatita Las Cuevas, San Luis. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 2011, 68, 526–541. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina. Personal Communications, 2013.
- De Barrio, R.; Echeveste, H. Estudio geológico-económico de la mina Géminis, provincia de San Luis, Argentina. In Proceedings of the IV Congreso Nacional de Geología Económica, Córdoba, Argentina, 23–25 September 1992; pp. 30–38. [Google Scholar]
- Roquet, M.B.; Oyarzábal, J.C.; Galliski, M.Á. Geología, estructura interna y mineralogía del yacimiento pegmatítico María del Huerto, Distrito Conlara, San Luis, Argentina. In Proceedings of the VIII Congreso de Mineralogía y Metalogenia, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 11–13 October 2006; pp. 309–316. [Google Scholar]
- Roda-Robles, E.; Galliski, M.Á.; Roquet, M.B.; Hatert, F.M.; de Perseval, P. Phosphate nodules containing two distinct assemblages in the Cema granitic pegmatite, San Luis province, Argentina: Paragenesis, composition and significance. Can. Mineral. 2012, 50, 913–931. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oyarzábal, J.C.; Galliski, M.Á. Geología de yacimiento San Luis: Un caso de yuxtaposición de tipologías diferentes en pegmatitas de clase elementos raros. In Proceedings of the XII Congreso Geológico Argentino, Mendoza, Argentina, 10–15 October 1993; Volume 5, pp. 167–174. [Google Scholar]
- Sosa, G.M. Pegmatita estannífera compleja Mina Víctor Hugo, provincia de San Luis, Argentina. In Proceedings of the XII Congreso Geológico Argentino, Mendoza, Argentina, 10–15 October 1993; Volume 5, p. 159. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Marquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Černý, P.; Martínez, V.A.; Chapman, R. The Ta–Nb–Sn–Ti oxide-mineral paragenesis from La Viquita, a spodumene-bearing rare-element granitic pegmatite, San Luis, Argentina. Can. Mineral. 2008, 46, 379–393. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Roda-Robles, E.; Hatert, F.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Martínez, V.A. The phosphate mineral assemblages from La Viquita Pegmatite, San Luis, Argentina. Can. Mineral. 2020, 58, 733–746. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Černý, P.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Chapman, R. An association of secondary Al-Li-Be-Ca-Sr-phosphates in the San Elías pegmatite, San Luis, Argentina. Can. Mineral. 2012, 50, 933–942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galliski, M.Á.; CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina. Personal Communications, 2015.
- Biglia, M.E.; Cooper, M.A.; Grew, E.S.; Yates, M.G.; Sfragulla, J.A.; Guereschi, A.B.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Galliski, M.A. Liraite, ideally NaCa2Mn2[Fe3+Fe2+]Mn2(PO4)6(H2O)2, a new phosphate mineral of the wicksite group from the Ceferino Namuncurá pegmatite, Córdoba, Argentina. Can. Mineral. 2021, 59, 751–761. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Porta, G.; Gay, H.D.; Dorais, M.J.; Lira, R. Holmquinstita en la pegmatita Las Tapias, Córdoba.Mineralogía y consideraciones genéticas. In Proceedings of the II Congreso de Mineralogía y Metalogenia, La Plata, Agentina, 4–6 July 1994; pp. 315–324. [Google Scholar]
- Gay, H.D.; Sfragulla, J.; Becchio, R. Micas litíferas, microlita y elbaita en los afloramientos pegmatíticos “La Juana”, Departamento San Javier, Córdoba, Argentina. In Proceedings of the XI Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Juan, Argentina, 17–21 September 1990; Volume 1, pp. 418–421. [Google Scholar]
- Galliski, M.Á.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Pagano, D.S. Metallogenesis of the Totoral LCT rare-element pegmatite district, San Luis, Argentina: A review. J. S. Am. Earth Sci. 2019, 90, 423–439. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Müller, A.; Keyser, W.; Simmons, W.B.; Webber, K.; Wise, M.; Beurlen, H.; Garate-Olave, I.; Roda-Robles, E.; Galliski, M.Á. Quartz chemistry of granitic pegmatites: Implications for classification, genesis and exploration. Chem. Geol. 2021, 584, 120507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Toubes, R.O.; Rinaldi, C.A.; Figini, A.J. Turmalinas de color en la República Argentina. In Proceedings of the V Congreso Geológico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 22–28 October 1973; Volume 1, pp. 261–269. [Google Scholar]
- Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Galliski, M.Á.; Černý, P.; Chapman, R. An assemblage of bismuth-rich, tellurium-bearing minerals in the El Quemado granitic pegmatite, Nevados de Palermo, Salta, Argentina. Can. Mineral. 2012, 50, 1489–1498. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roquet, M.B. Mineralización del depósito pegmatítico María Elena, distrito Conlara, San Luis, Argentina. Ser. Correl. Geol. 2012, 28, 23–38. [Google Scholar]
- Stewart, D.B. Petrogenesis of lithium-rich pegmatites. Am. Mineral. 1978, 63, 970–980. [Google Scholar]
- London, D.; Burt, D.M. Chemical models for lithium aluminosilicate stabilities in pegmatites and granites. Am. Mineral. 1982, 67, 494–509. [Google Scholar]
- London, D. Experimental phase equilibria in the system LiAlSiO4–SiO2–H2O: A petrogenetic grid for lithium-rich pegmatites. Am. Mineral. 1984, 69, 995–1004. [Google Scholar]
- Černý, P.; Blevin, P.L.; Cuney, M.; London, D. Granite-related ore deposits. In Economic Geology. One Hundred Anniversary Volume; Hedenquist, J.W., Thompson, J.F.H., Goldfarb, R.J., Richards, J.P., Eds.; Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.: Littleton, CO, USA, 2005; pp. 337–370. [Google Scholar]
- Herrera, A.O. Evolución geoquímica de las pegmatitas zonales de los principales distritos argentinos. Rev. Asoc. Geol. Argent. 1965, 20, 199–228. [Google Scholar]
- Černý, P. Rare-element granitic pegmatites. I. Anatomy and internal evolution of pegmatite deposits. Geosci. Can. 1991, 18, 49–67. [Google Scholar]
- Černý, P. Rare-element granitic pegmatites. Part II: Regional to global environments and petrogenesis. Geosci. Can. 1991, 18, 68–81. [Google Scholar]
- Černý, P. Fertile granites of Precambrian rare-element pegmatite fields: Is geochemistry controlled by tectonic setting or source lithologies? Precambrian Res. 1991, 51, 429–468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martin, R.F.; De Vito, C. The patterns of enrichment in felsic pegmatites ultimately depend on tectonic setting. Can. Mineral. 2005, 43, 2027–2048. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bradley, D.C.; McCauley, A.D.; Stillings, L.M. Mineral-Deposit Model for Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum Pegmatites; US Geological Survey; Scientific Investigation Report 2010-5070-O; Denver Publishing Service Center: Denver, CO, USA, 2017; pp. 1–48. [Google Scholar]
- Tkachev, A.V. Evolution of metallogeny of granitic pegmatites associated with orogens throughout geological time. Geol. Soc. Spec. Pub. 2011, 350, 7–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
NAME | T | Ds | Gr | # | L | W | St | D | HR | Age (Ma) * | R | 1 | 2 | QAP | Spd | Lpd | Ms | Tur | Brl | Zrn | Ap | Aby | Trl-Trp | CGM | Mic | UM | BM | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
La Elvirita | S | El Quemado | 3 | 40 | ≤2.5 | N-S | 45° E | tr | >100 k | X | * | x | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | [15,17] | |||||
Aguas Calientes | P | 1 | 270 | 25 | N-S | 75° W | ms | 10–15 | X | X | x | * | * | * | * | x | * | * | [15,17] | |||||||||
Anzotana | S | 2 | 10 | ~3 | N10° E | 15° W | ms | X | * | x | x | x | * | x | * | * | x | [15,17] | ||||||||||
Santa Elena C | P | 1 | 200 | 30 | ~N40° W | ~75° SW | ms | 529.9 ± 11.5 * 480.6 ± 6.9 * | X | X | x | x | x | x | x | x | X | * | x | x | x | x | [15,39,40] | |||||
Santa Elena I | P | 1 | 180 | 3–6 | ~N40° W | ~75° SW | ms | X | X | X | x | x | x | x | x | X | * | x | * | [15,17,39] | ||||||||
Santa Elena II | P | 1 | 370 | 4 | ~N40° W | ~75° SW | ms | X | x | x | * | x | x | x | [15,17,39] | |||||||||||||
Santa Elena III | P | 1 | 320 | 4 | ~N40° W | ~75° SW | ms | X | x | x | x | * | x | x | x | [15,17,39] | ||||||||||||
Santa Elena IV | P | 1 | 800 | 6–12 | ~N40° W | 70° SW | ms | 15–20 | X | X | x | x | x | * | x | x | * | x | [15,17,39] | |||||||||
El Peñón | B | 1 | 60 | 4–10 | ~N40° W | ~90° | ms | 506.6 ± 6.07 * 502.4 ± 7.94 * | X | x | x | x | * | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [15,39,40] | |||||||
El Quemado | S | 1 | >40 | ~6 | ~N40° W | 70° NE | ms | 491.5 ± 3.74 * | X | X | x | * | x | x | x | x | * | x | x | x | [15,39,40] | |||||||
Reflejos del Mar | S | Ancasti | Vilisman | 1 | 600 | 4.50 | N10° E | 85° W | ms | 343 ± 13 | 5175 | 25 | 8 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [10,41,42] | |||||
La Culpable | S | 1 | 4.50 | N10° E | 85° W | ms | 5088 | 25 | 8 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [10,41,42] | |||||||||
Loma Pelada | S | 13 | ~ 600 | ~ 3 | N10° E | 72° W | ms | 32,960 | 20 | 6.9 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [41,43] | ||||||||
Juan Carlos | S | 1 | 200 | 2 | N7° E | 68° W | ms | 4500 | 25 | 7.3 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [10,41] | ||||||||
Joyita | S | 1 | 180 | 0.80 | N8° E | 75° W | ms | 972 | 10 | 7.3 | X | X | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [10,41] | ||||||||
Pampa El Coco | S | 1 | 90 | 0.85 | ms | 689 | 20 | X | X | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [41] | |||||||||||
La Herrumbrada | S | 3 | 161 | 1.68 | ~N-S | ~90° | ms | 3793 | 20 | 5.3 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [41,43] | ||||||||
Campo El Abra | S | 1 | 248 | 5 | ~N-S | ~90° | ms | 10,368 | 24 | X | X | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [41,43] | |||||||||
Ipizca I | S | El Taco | 1 | 700 | 6 | N8° W | 90° | ms | 7–25 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | [9] | ||||||||||
Ipizca II | S | 1 | 120 | 8 | N7° W | 45° E | ms | 445 ± 17 | 2300 | 10–25 | 3.7 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [8] | |||||||
Santa Gertrudis | AS | 3 | 520 | 4–10 | N18° W | 85° E | ms | 709 ± 34 | 2175 | 7–25 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | [8] | ||||||||||
Flor Morada | S | 1 | 255 | 5–6 | N7° E | 78° W | ms | 20 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | * | * | [41] |
NAME | T | Ds | # | L | W | St | D | HR | Age (Ma) * | R | 1 | 2 | QAP | Spd | Lpd | Ms | Tur | Brl | Zrn | Grt | Ap | Aby | Trl-Trp | CGM | Mic | BM | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
La Totora | S | Conlara | 2 | 60 | 2–7 | N15° E | 70–85° E | ms | 469.7 ± 4.7 * 469.2 ± 4.7 * | 150 | 20 | 7.9 | X | X | x | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | * | * | [13,19,40,60] | ||
Don Pancho | S | 1 | 100 | 5.5 | N20° E | ~90° | ms | 500 | 15 | 5.6 | X | X | x | x | * | * | * | * | * | [13,19,60] | |||||||
León Herido | S | 1 | 100 | 4 | N22° E | 88° E | ms | 505.9 ± 20.9 * | 2300 | 25 | 6.5 | X | X | x | * | x | x | * | * | [40,60,61] | |||||||
C. Novillo | S | 3 | 270 | 1.8–5 | N7° W | ~90° | ms | 3200 | 15 | 7.5–8 | X | X | x | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [19,61] | ||||||
La Meta | S | 1 | >200 | <15 | N-S | 75° E | ms | 463.5 ± 5.6 * | 200 | 10 | 5–7.9 | X | X | x | x | x | * | * | * | [13,19,20,40] | |||||||
Las Cuevas | S | 1 | 400 | 10 | N2–10° W | 31–82° W | ms | 462.2 ± 9.7 * 510 ± 26 | 5700 | 10–15 | 6.7 | X | X | * | X | x | * | * | x | x | x | * | x | * | x | [13,19,40,62] | |
Rey David | S | 1 | 100 | 8 | N30° E | ~90° | ms | 512.6 ± 10.6 * 509.9 ± 9.1 * | X | x | * | x | x | x | * | x | * | * | x | * | [40,63] | ||||||
Géminis | S | 1 | ~200 | 10 | N52° E | 0–50° SE | gn | 477.3 ± 5.8 * 536 ± 27 | 6000 | 20–25 | 5.2 | X | X | * | x | x | x | * | * | x | X | * | * | * | * | [20,61,64] | |
M. Huerto | S | 2 | 370 | 6–8 | N45°E | 68–70° | ms | 350 | 15 | 6.7–7.4 | X | X | x | * | * | * | * | x | * | * | * | * | [13,19,65] | ||||
Cema | S | 1 | 100 | <25 | N-S | 52° SW | ms | 150 | 0.3–8 | X | x | x | x | x | * | x | * | * | [13,19,66] | ||||||||
San Luis I | AS | Totoral | 1 | >1000 | 2–35 | NNE-SSW | 60° SW | ms | 317 ± 11 | 600 | 10–20 | 5.8–8.0 | X | X | x | * | * | x | x | * | * | [6,19,67] | |||||
San Luis II | S | 1 | 20 | 7 | NW-SE | SW | ms | 449.8 ± 8.6 * | 20 | X | X | x | x | x | x | * | x | * | [6,40,67] | ||||||||
La Teresaida | AS | 1 | 100 | 5–12 | NNW | ~90 | ms | 4000 | 10 | >5 | X | X | x | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [9,13] | ||||||
V. Hugo | S | 1 | 150 | 2–20 | N-S | ~90 | ms | 503 ± 24 | X | X | x | x | x | * | * | x | * | * | * | * | * | [68] | |||||
La Viquita | S | La Estanzuela | 1 | 190 | 40 | N42°E | 30–60° NW | ms | 369.3 ± 3.8 * 320 ± 12 | 7800 | 10–25 | 5.1–7.8 | X | X | x | x | x | * | x | x | x | x | x | [13,19,69,70] | |||
San Elías | L | 1 | 140 | 4.50 | ~N-S | 80° E | ms | 403 ± 16 | 200 | Lpd | 3.0–3.3 | X | * | X | x | x | * | * | * | x | * | * | [13,19,71] | ||||
San Elías S | L | 1 | 120 | ~5 | ~NE | ~80° W | ms | 100 | Lpd | ~ 3 | X | * | X | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | * | * | * | [72] | |||
Don Rolando | S | 2 | 40–200 | 4–10 | NW-NE | ~65° SE | ms | 6725 | 10–20 | 6.75 | X | X | x | x | * | x | * | * | * | [19,20,61] | |||||||
Don Carlos | AS | 3 | 18–60 | 1.5–8 | N30° E | 55° SE | ms | 1725 | 15 | 5.1–6.3 | X | X | x | x | x | * | [19,20,61] | ||||||||||
C. Namuncurá | B | Altau- tina | 1 | 100 | 10 | 290° | 80° SSW | X | x | x | * | * | * | * | [19,73] | ||||||||||||
Las Tapias | S | 8 | 200 | 12–15 | E-W | 18–30° S | dr-am | 700 | 10–15 | 7.9 | X | X | x | x | x | * | * | * | * | * | * | x | [19,74] | ||||
La Juana | L | 4 | <15 | <1 | gr | 370.3 ± 7.4 * | X | x | x | x | * | * | * | * | * | [40,75] |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Galliski, M.Á.; Márquez-Zavalía, M.F.; Roda-Robles, E.; von Quadt, A. The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources. Minerals 2022, 12, 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070841
Galliski MÁ, Márquez-Zavalía MF, Roda-Robles E, von Quadt A. The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources. Minerals. 2022; 12(7):841. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070841
Chicago/Turabian StyleGalliski, Miguel Ángel, María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía, Encarnación Roda-Robles, and Albrecht von Quadt. 2022. "The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources" Minerals 12, no. 7: 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070841
APA StyleGalliski, M. Á., Márquez-Zavalía, M. F., Roda-Robles, E., & von Quadt, A. (2022). The Li-Bearing Pegmatites from the Pampean Pegmatite Province, Argentina: Metallogenesis and Resources. Minerals, 12(7), 841. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070841