Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Mudstone under Tri-Axial Compression: From Laboratory Tests to Numerical Simulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Laboratory Tests
2.1. Specimen Preparation
2.2. Experimental Equipment and Process
2.3. Test Results and Discussions
3. Numerical Simulation
3.1. Establishment of Basic Model
3.2. Verification of Basic Model
3.3. Biaxial Modeling
4. Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Mudstone
4.1. Failure Modes
4.2. Stress-Strain Relationship
4.3. Analysis of the Failure Mechanism
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The behavior of weakly cemented mudstone is closely sensitive to the confining pressure. As the confining pressure increases, both the peak strength and plastic deformation capacity of weakly cemented mudstone will be enhanced.
- (2)
- The typical failure mode of the weakly cemented mudstone is featured with the symmetrical “Z” type nonlinear growth. The stress-strain curve can be classified into five portions: no cracks, slow growth, rapid growth, nearly 90 °linear growth, and stable growth, in accordance with the progressive development of micro-cracks;
- (3)
- If the applied confining pressure is lower than 5 MPa, the micro-cracks are in the form of the single shear, whereas the tested specimens will tend from brittle shear to plastic shear associated with the “X” shear if the confining pressure is higher than 5 MPa;
- (4)
- The failure of weakly cemented mudstone is mainly attributed to the continuous expansion and penetration of internal microcracks under compression. The brittle failure mode of weakly cemented mudstone tends to ductile failure with the increase of confining pressure.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Series | Samples | Diameter/mm | Height/mm | Moisture Content/% | Confining Pressure/MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sandy mudstone | NS-N-1 | 49.5 | 99.3 | 6.57 | 1.0 |
NS-N-3 | 49.6 | 99.8 | 6.57 | 3.0 | |
NS-N-5 | 49.9 | 99.9 | 6.57 | 5.0 | |
Mudstone | NY-N-1 | 49.9 | 100.3 | 4.27 | 1.0 |
NY-N-3 | 49.6 | 99.8 | 4.27 | 3.0 | |
NY-N-5 | 49.9 | 100.1 | 4.27 | 5.0 |
Short Forn | Description |
---|---|
Kratio | Normal-to-shear stiffness ratio |
Pb_kratio | Bond normal-to-shear stiffness ratio |
Ec | Particle contact modulus |
E | Elastic modulus |
Properties | Input Parameter | Numerical Value |
---|---|---|
Ball Properties | Rmin/mm | 0.45 |
Rmax/Rmin | 1.67 | |
Bulk density [kg·m−3] | 1650 | |
Particle friction coefficient | 0 | |
Parallel Bond Model Properties | Parallel-bond normal-to-shear stiffness ratio | 1.33 |
Parallel-bond modulus [GPa] | 2 | |
Parallel-bond cohesion [MPa] | 5 | |
Parallel-bond tensile strength [MPa] | 5 | |
Parallel-bond friction angle/(°) | 19 |
Properties | Input Parameter | Numerical Value |
---|---|---|
Ball Properties | Rmin/mm | 0.45 |
Rmax/Rmin | 1.67 | |
Bulk density [kg·m−3] | 1650 | |
Particle friction coefficient | 0.53 | |
Parallel Bond Model Properties | Parallel-bond normal-to-shear stiffness ratio | 1.95 |
Parallel-bond modulus [GPa] | 2 | |
Parallel-bond cohesion [MPa] | 5 | |
Parallel-bond tensile strength [MPa] | 5 | |
Parallel-bond friction angle/(°) | 19 |
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Yu, H.; Liu, H.; Hang, Y.; Liu, J.; Ma, S. Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Mudstone under Tri-Axial Compression: From Laboratory Tests to Numerical Simulation. Minerals 2022, 12, 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020153
Yu H, Liu H, Hang Y, Liu J, Ma S. Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Mudstone under Tri-Axial Compression: From Laboratory Tests to Numerical Simulation. Minerals. 2022; 12(2):153. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020153
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Haijun, Honglin Liu, Yinjian Hang, Jinhu Liu, and Shuqi Ma. 2022. "Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Mudstone under Tri-Axial Compression: From Laboratory Tests to Numerical Simulation" Minerals 12, no. 2: 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020153
APA StyleYu, H., Liu, H., Hang, Y., Liu, J., & Ma, S. (2022). Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Weakly Cemented Mudstone under Tri-Axial Compression: From Laboratory Tests to Numerical Simulation. Minerals, 12(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020153