Probing the Effect of Water Recycling on Flotation through Anion Spiking Using a Low-Grade Cu–Ni–PGM Ore: The Effect of NO3−, SO42− and S2O32−
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthetic Plant Water Preparation
2.2. Ore Preparation
2.3. Batch Flotation
2.4. Electrical Conductivity Measurements
2.5. ANOM of Selected Ions
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Increased NO3−, SO42− and S2O32− Concentration in Process Water on Solids and Water Recoveries: Implications on the Stability of the Froth
3.2. Effect of Increased NO3−, SO42− and S2O32− Concentration in Process Water on Recoveries and Grades
3.3. Relating the Effect of Spiking NO3−, SO42− and S2O32− on the Electrical Conductivity (EC) to Flotation Performance
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Spiking 3 SPW with NO3− on Flotation Performance
4.2. Effect of Spiking 3 SPW with SO42− on Flotation Performance
4.3. Effect of Spiking 3 SPW with S2O32− on Flotation Performance
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Water Type | Ca2+ (mg/L) | Mg2+ (mg/L) | Na+ (mg/L) | Cl− (mg/L) | NO3− (mg/L) | SO42− (mg/L) | S2O32− (mg/L) | CO32− (mg/L) | TDS (mg/L) | I.S. (M) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 SPW | 80 | 70 | 153 | 287 | 176 | 240 | - | 17 | 1023 | 0.024 |
3 SPW | 240 | 210 | 459 | 861 | 528 | 720 | - | 51 | 3069 | 0.073 |
5 SPW | 400 | 350 | 765 | 1435 | 880 | 1200 | - | 85 | 5115 | 0.121 |
10 SPW | 800 | 700 | 1530 | 2870 | 1760 | 2400 | - | 170 | 10230 | 0.242 |
Spiked 3 SPW | ||||||||||
3 SPW + 352 mg/L NO3− | 240 | 210 | 772 | 861 | 880 | 720 | - | 51 | 3734 | 0.082 |
3 SPW + 1232 mg/L NO3− | 240 | 210 | 1555 | 861 | 1760 | 720 | - | 51 | 5397 | 0.106 |
3 SPW + 480 mg/L SO42− | 240 | 210 | 647 | 861 | 528 | 1200 | - | 51 | 3737 | 0.087 |
3 SPW + 1680 mg/L SO42− | 240 | 210 | 1118 | 861 | 528 | 2400 | - | 51 | 5408 | 0.122 |
3 SPW + 60 mg/L S2O32− | 240 | 210 | 479 | 861 | 528 | 720 | 60 | 51 | 3149 | 0.074 |
3 SPW + 78 mg/L S2O32− | 240 | 210 | 485 | 861 | 528 | 720 | 78 | 51 | 3173 | 0.075 |
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Dzingai, M.; Manono, M.S.; Corin, K.C. Probing the Effect of Water Recycling on Flotation through Anion Spiking Using a Low-Grade Cu–Ni–PGM Ore: The Effect of NO3−, SO42− and S2O32−. Minerals 2021, 11, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040340
Dzingai M, Manono MS, Corin KC. Probing the Effect of Water Recycling on Flotation through Anion Spiking Using a Low-Grade Cu–Ni–PGM Ore: The Effect of NO3−, SO42− and S2O32−. Minerals. 2021; 11(4):340. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040340
Chicago/Turabian StyleDzingai, Mathew, Malibongwe S. Manono, and Kirsten C. Corin. 2021. "Probing the Effect of Water Recycling on Flotation through Anion Spiking Using a Low-Grade Cu–Ni–PGM Ore: The Effect of NO3−, SO42− and S2O32−" Minerals 11, no. 4: 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040340