Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case—Control Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure
- -
- POC: percentage overlapping coefficient (norm values 83% ≤ X ≤ 100%) [35,36,37]. The POC indicates the predominance of one of the two sides of each pair of muscles. A POC value of 100% indicates perfect symmetry between the muscles of the two sides; conversely, a value tending to 0% means no symmetry. Three indices were computed for each subject (POC TA for the anterior temporalis muscles; POC MM for the masseter muscles; POC SCM for sternocleidomastoid muscles). POC TA correlates to the anterior teeth contacts, while POC MM to the posterior teeth contacts.
- -
- BAR: percentage overlapping coefficient between posterior and anterior teeth contact (norm values 90% ≤ X ≤ 100%).
- -
- TORS: torsion index (norm values 90% ≤ X ≤ 100%) [36,37,38]. The TORS measures the percentage of torsion of the mandible resulting from the analysis of the torque of the crossed muscle pairs: left TA with right MM and right TA with left MM. The prevalence of one pair of crossed muscles over the other indicates a torsion of the lower jaw. The greater the torquing effect, the more the TORS approaches zero, as no symmetric activation of the couple of muscles exists.
- -
- IMP: impact index (norm values 85% ≤ X ≤ 115%) [36]. The IMP indicates the muscle workload during clenching. Lower values indicate reduced muscular strength during clenching.
- -
- ASIM: asymmetry index (norm values −10% ≤ X ≤ +10%) [39]. The ASIM measures the distribution of the occlusal contacts on the right and left side, comparing the activity of TA and MM of the left side with TA and MM of the right side. A value of zero indicates perfect symmetry of the two couples of muscles; negative values conventionally indicate a predominance of the left couple, while positive values indicate a predominance of the right couple.
2.2. Sample Size Calculation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Aeschlimann, F.A.; Quartier, P. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rev. Prat. 2019, 69, 188–194. [Google Scholar]
- Crayne, C.B.; Beukelman, T. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Oligoarthritis and Polyarthritis. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 2018, 65, 657–674. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gowdie, P.J.; Tse, S.M.L. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. 2012, 59, 301–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Romero, E.A.S.; Oliva, E.M.; Pérez, J.L.A.; Pérez, S.M.; Turroni, S.; Marchese, L.; Villafañe, J.H. Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Osteoarthritis Pain: Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021, 13, 716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Horton, D.B.; Shenoi, S. Review of environmental factors and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Open Access Rheumatol. 2019, 11, 253–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mahmud, S.A.; Binstadt, B.A. Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Front. Immunol. 2019, 9, 3168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Niibo, P.; Pruunsild, C.; Oras-Voog, Ü.; Nikopensius, T.; Jagomägi, T.; Saag, M. Contemporary management of TMJ involvement in JIA patients and its orofacial consequences. EPMA J. 2016, 7, 12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Hinks, A.; Bowes, J.; Cobb, J.; Ainsworth, H.C.; Marion, M.C.; Comeau, M.E.; Sudman, M.; Han, B.; Becker, M.L.; Bohnsack, J.F.; et al. Fine-mapping the MHC locus in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) reveals genetic heterogeneity corresponding to distinct adult inflammatory arthritic diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2017, 76, 765–772. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Petty, R.E.; Southwood, T.R.; Manners, P.; Baum, J.; Glass, D.N.; Goldenberg, J.; He, X.; Maldonado-Cocco, J.; Orozco-Alcala, J.; Prieur, A.-M.; et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J. Rheumatol. 2004, 31, 390–392. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Martini, A.; Ravelli, A.; Avcin, T.; Beresford, M.W.; Burgos-Vargas, R.; Cuttica, R.; Ilowite, N.T.; Khubchandani, R.; Laxer, R.M.; Lovell, D.J.; et al. Toward New Classification Criteria for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: First Steps, Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization International Consensus. J. Rheumatol. 2019, 46, 190–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Arabshahi, B.; Cron, R.Q. Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: The forgotten joint. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 2006, 18, 490–495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stoll, M.L.; Sharpe, T.; Beukelman, T.; Good, J.; Young, D.; Cron, R.Q. Risk factors for temporomandibular joint arthritis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 2012, 39, 1880–1887. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rongo, R.; Alstergren, P.; Ammendola, L.; Bucci, R.; Alessio, M.; D’Antò, V.; Michelotti, A. Temporomandibular joint damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Diagnostic validity of diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. J. Oral Rehabil. 2019, 46, 450–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ringold, S.; Cron, R.Q. The temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Frequently used and frequently arthritic. Pediatr. Rheumatol. Online J. 2009, 29, 7–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Billiau, A.D.; Hu, Y.; Verdonck, A.; Carels, C.; Wouters, C. Temporomandibular joint arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Prevalence, clinical and radiological signs, and relation to dentofacial morphology. J. Rheumatol. 2007, 34, 1925–1933. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Stoustrup, P.; Pedersen, K.T.; Norholt, S.E.; Resnick, C.M.; Abramowicz, S. Interdisciplinary Management of Dentofacial Deformity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Clin. N. Am. 2020, 32, 117–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lo Giudice, A.; Ortensi, L.; Farronato, M.; Lucchese, A.; Lo Castro, E.; Isola, G. The step further smile virtual planning: Milled versus prototyped mock-ups for the evaluation of the designed smile characteristics. BMC Oral Health 2020, 20, 165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lerario, F.; Roncati, M.; Gariffo, A.; Atorresi, E.; Lucchese, A.; Galanakis, A.; Palaia, G.; Romeo, U. Non-surgical periodontal treatment of peri-implant diseases with the adjunctive use of diode laser: Preliminary clinical study. Laser Med. Sci. 2016, 31, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D’Attilio, M.; Di Carlo, B.; Caroccia, F.; Moscagiuri, F.; D’Angelo, D.M.; Chiarelli, F.; Festa, F.; Breda, L. Clinical and Instrumental TMJ Evaluation in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 5380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Twilt, M.; Mobers, S.M.L.M.; Arends, L.R.; ten Cate, R.; van Suijlekom-Smit, L. Temporomandibular involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 2004, 31, 1418–1422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kjellberg, H.; Kiliaridis, S.; Thilander, B. Dentofacial growth in orthodontically treated and untreated children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). A comparison with Angle Class II division 1 subjects. Eur. J. Orthod. 1995, 17, 357–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Capurso, U.; De Michelis, B.; Agosti, G.G.; Lepore, L. Compromised function of the masticatory apparatus in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Minerva Ortognatod. 1989, 7, 47–52. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Weiss, P.F.; Arabshahi, B.; Johnson, A.; Bilaniuk, L.T.; Zarnow, D.; Cahill, A.M.; Feudtner, C.; Cron, R.Q. High prevalence of temporomandibular joint arthritis at disease onset in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging but not by ultrasound. Arthritis Rheum. 2008, 58, 1189–1196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abramowicz, S.; Levy, J.M.; Prahalad, S.; Travers, C.D.; Angeles-Han, S.T. Temporomandibular joint involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A preliminary report. Oral Surg. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 2019, 127, 19–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Munir, S.; Patil, K.; Miller, E.; Uleryk, E.; Twilt, M.; Spiegel, L.; Doria, A.S. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis of the axial joints: A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy and predictive value of the conventional MRI. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2014, 202, 199–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Stoustrup, P.; Twilt, M.; Spiegel, L.; Kristensen, K.D.; Koos, B.; Pedersen, T.K.; Küseler, A.; Cron, R.Q.; Abramowicz, S.; Verna, C.; et al. Clinical Orofacial Examination in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: International Consensus-based Recommendations for Monitoring Patients in Clinical Practice and Research Studies. J. Rheumatol. 2017, 44, 326–333. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Galo, R.; Vitti, M.; Santos, C.M.; Hallak, J.E.C.; Regalo, S.C.H. The effect of age on the function of the masticatory system: An electromyographical analysis. Gerodontology 2006, 23, 177–182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hafner, P.; Phadke, R.; Manzur, A.; Smith, R.; Jaiser, S.; Schutz, P.; Sewry, C.; Muntoni, F.; Pitt, M. Electromyography and muscle biopsy in paediatric neuromuscular disorders—Evaluation of current practice and literature review. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2019, 29, 14–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Von Elm, E.; Altman, D.G.; Egger, M.; Pocock, S.J.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Vandenbroucke, J.P. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2008, 61, 344–349. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schiffman, E.; Ohrbach, R.; Truelove, E.; Look, J.; Anderson, G.; Goulet, J.-P.; List, T.; Svensson, P.; Gonzalez, Y.; Lobbezoo, F.; et al. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: Recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group. J. Oral Facial Pain Headache 2014, 28, 6–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Teethan User Manual. Available online: https://teethan.com/immagini/TEETHAN_User_Manual_02-07-2019_LQ_ENG.pdf (accessed on 10 February 2021).
- Berni, K.C.; Dibai-Filho, A.V.; Pires, P.F.; Rodrigues-Bigaton, D. Accuracy of the surface electromyography RMS processing for the diagnosis of the myogenous temporomandibular disorder. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 2015, 25, 596–602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Michelotti, A.; Rongo, R.; Valentino, R.; D’Antò, V.; Bucci, R.; Danzi, G.; Cioffi, I. Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion. Eur. J. Orthod. 2018, 41, 46–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tecco, S.; Cattoni, F.; Darvizeh, A.; Bosco, F.; Sanci, V.; Nota, A.; Gastaldi, G.; Gherlone, E. Evaluation of Masticatory Muscle Function Using Digital versus Traditional Techniques for Mockup Fabrication: A Controlled Prospective Study. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 6013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferrario, V.F.; Sforza, C.; Serrao, G. The influence of crossbite on the coordinated electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles during mastication. J. Oral Rehabil. 1999, 26, 575–581. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferrario, V.F.; Tartaglia, G.M.; Galletta, A.; Grassi, G.P.; Sforza, C. The influence of occlusion on jaw and neck muscle activity: A surface EMG study in healthy young adults. J. Oral Rehabil. 2006, 33, 341–348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Felício, C.M.; Sidequersky, F.V.; Tartaglia, G.M.; Sforza, C. Electromyographic standardized indices in healthy Brazilian young adults and data reproducibility. J. Oral Rehabil. 2009, 36, 577–583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ferrario, V.F.; Sforza, C.; Colombo, A.; Ciusa, V. An electromyographic investigation of masticatory muscles symmetry in normoocclusion subjects. J. Oral Rehabil. 2000, 27, 33–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Botelho, A.L.; Silva, B.C.; Gentil, F.H.; Sforza, C.; da Silva, M.A. Immediate effect of the resilient splint evaluated using surface electromyography in patients with TMD. Cranio J. Craniomandib. Pract. 2010, 28, 266–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sample Size Calculator. Available online: https://clincalc.com/stats/samplesize.aspx (accessed on 18 August 2020).
- Matarese, G.; Isola, G.; Ramaglia, L.; Dalessandri, D.; Lucchese, A.; Alibrandi, A.; Fabiano, F.; Cordasco, G. Periodontal biotype: Characteristic, prevalence and dimensions related to dental malocclusion. Minerva Stomatol. 2016, 65, 231–238. [Google Scholar]
- De Carvalho, R.T.; Braga, F.S.F.F.; Brito, F.; Capelli, J.C., Jr.; Figueredo, C.M.; Sztajnbok, F.R. Temporomandibular joint alterations and their orofacial complications in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rev. Bras. Reumatol. 2012, 52, 907–911. [Google Scholar]
- Eid, M.A.M.; Aly, S.M.; El-Shamy, S.M. Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback Training on Pain, Quadriceps Muscle Strength, and Functional Ability in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2016, 95, 921–930. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Oberg, T.; Karsznia, A.; Gäre, B.A.; Lagerstrand, A. Physical Training of Children with Juvenile Chronic Arthritis: Effects on Force, Endurance and EMG Response to Localized Muscle Fatigue. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 1994, 23, 92–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cappellari, A.M.; Minoia, F.; Consonni, D.; Petaccia, A.; Picca, I.; Filocamo, G. Development and Preliminary Validation of an Electromyography-Scoring Protocol for the Assessment and Grading of Muscle Involvement in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Pediatr. Neurol. 2021, 124, 6–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kreiborg, S.; Bakke, M.; Kirkeby, S.; Michler, L.; Vedtofte, P.; Seidler, B.; Møller, E. Facial growth and oral function in a case of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis during an 8-year period. Eur. J. Orthod. 1990, 12, 119–134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jankelson, B. Neuromuscular aspects of occlusion. Effects of occlusal position on the physiology and dysfunction of the mandibular musculature. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 1979, 23, 157–168. [Google Scholar]
Index | Normal Range | JIA Group (Mean ± SD) | Control Group (Mean ± SD) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
POC TA | 83% ≤ X ≤ 100% | 80.7 ± 9.9 | 83.6 ± 10.2 | 0.011 a,* |
POC MM | 83% ≤ X ≤ 100% | 81.6 ± 9.3 | 83.3 ± 9.27 | 0.369 a |
POC SCM | 83% ≤ X ≤ 100% | 83.3 ± 5.5 | 80.4 ± 7.2 | 0.066 b |
BAR | 90% ≤ X ≤ 100% | 79.5 ± 13.8 | 83.2 ± 9.34 | 0.207 a |
TORS | 90% ≤ X ≤ 100% | 87.8 ± 4.8 | 89.4 ± 3.22 | 0.192 a |
IMP | 85% ≤ X ≤ 115% | 173.1 ± 82.9 | 114.4 ± 75.5 | 0.003 a,* |
ASIM | −10% ≤ X ≤ +10% | 2.75 ± 14.6 | −2.83 ± 14.2 | 0.225 a |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Caroccia, F.; Passanello, L.; Pipitone, R.; Moscagiuri, F.; Asperio, P.; Lucchese, A.; Breda, L.; D’Attilio, M. Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case—Control Study. Symmetry 2022, 14, 962. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050962
Caroccia F, Passanello L, Pipitone R, Moscagiuri F, Asperio P, Lucchese A, Breda L, D’Attilio M. Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case—Control Study. Symmetry. 2022; 14(5):962. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050962
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaroccia, Francesco, Ludovica Passanello, Rossana Pipitone, Francesco Moscagiuri, Paolo Asperio, Alessandra Lucchese, Luciana Breda, and Michele D’Attilio. 2022. "Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case—Control Study" Symmetry 14, no. 5: 962. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050962
APA StyleCaroccia, F., Passanello, L., Pipitone, R., Moscagiuri, F., Asperio, P., Lucchese, A., Breda, L., & D’Attilio, M. (2022). Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Subjects with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case—Control Study. Symmetry, 14(5), 962. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14050962