A Rapid Deployment Mechanism of Forwarding Rules for Reactive Mode SDN Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
3. Design of SDN-TBM
3.1. Overview of SDN-TBM Operations
3.2. Operations at the Controller
- Step 1:
- Check whether the incoming packet is a BP or not. If it is a BP, then jump to step 6, otherwise, proceed to step 2.
- Step 2:
- Calculate the forwarding path. The calculation of forwarding path requires interactions with the route planning module in the third-party modules. Forwarding rules for the switches along the path are also determined.
- Step 3:
- Check the number of hops. If the number of hops is 2, a packet-out packet is constructed and is returned back to the switch as regular SDN workflow. Otherwise, prepare to build a boring packet.
- Step 4:
- Store the packet into PHS. If there are more than 2 switch hops in the forwarding path, the packet is temporarily saved in the packet holding store together with relevant forwarding rules. The packet header is extracted for the purpose of generating a boring packet.
- Step 5:
- Generate a packet-out boring packet. Following the saving of the packet, a boring packet is constructed by including the header and all action-sets, as determined in step 2. This packet includes the boring packet identification as well as the identification of to-be-delivered packet, which is previous stored in PHS.
- Step 6:
- Search for stored packet in PHS. It assumes that the incoming packet is a boring packet. This is the case that the last switch in the path sends the packet-in message and asks for the original complete packet. Pid is used as the key to search for the to-be-delivered packet.
- Step 7:
- Is the to-be-delivered packet found? If the target Pid is not matched, the searching process fails, and an error is reported. Otherwise, the original packet is ready to be re-constructed.
- Step 8:
- Replace the BP with original packet to form the packet-out packet. A packet-out message is generated by replacing the BP with the original packet and is returned to the last switch as listed in the boring packet.
3.3. Operations at the Switches
3.4. Security Discussion
4. Analysis Model
5. Numerical Analysis and Simulation
5.1. The Effect of and on the Sojourn Time in a Single Switch
5.2. The Effect of on the Average Packet Sojourn time on a Path
5.3. Simulation and Results
6. Conclusions and Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Method | Pros | Cons |
---|---|---|
Multiple Controllers | Distribute the requirements of the switch and reduce the overload of the controller. | Management of synchronous flow rules and fault tolerance mechanisms are not easy to implement. |
PathSets | Effective to reduce the number of packet-in messages. | Forwarding route may lack flexibility due to an invariant bundle of flow rules. |
MPLS-based | A simple implementation is possible. | Only forward packets to the designated port but is unable to perform more packet processing operations. |
Reacitve and proactive mix mode | Effective in reducing the number of packet-in messages. | May cause packet-in messages to be sent repeatedly. |
SDN-TBM | Effectively addresses the high load of reactive mode on the controller. | Need to add switch functionality |
Notation | Meaning |
---|---|
λ | Arrival rate of EP to the switch according to Poisson distribution |
Switch service rate | |
Controller service rate | |
Probability that a packet is forwarded to the controller | |
Probability that a non-BP packets to the controller |
The Development Environment of System | |
---|---|
OS | Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS |
CPU | Intel Xeon 2.3 GHz |
RAM | 16 GB |
OpenvSwitch | v2.13, C++ |
Ryu Controller | Python |
Simulator | PHP 7 |
Property | Value |
---|---|
Number of records | 35,533,9161 |
Number of flows | 1,330,909 |
Range of flow size | 1–18,000,625 bytes |
Average flow size | 10,975.37 bytes |
Range of packets in a flow | 1–231,279 packets |
Average packets in a flow | 20.97 packets |
Length of path | 3–8 hops |
Time out of flow entry | 30 min |
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Kao, M.-T.; Kao, S.-J.; Tseng, H.-W.; Chang, F.-M. A Rapid Deployment Mechanism of Forwarding Rules for Reactive Mode SDN Networks. Symmetry 2022, 14, 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051026
Kao M-T, Kao S-J, Tseng H-W, Chang F-M. A Rapid Deployment Mechanism of Forwarding Rules for Reactive Mode SDN Networks. Symmetry. 2022; 14(5):1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051026
Chicago/Turabian StyleKao, Ming-Tsung, Shang-Juh Kao, Hsueh-Wen Tseng, and Fu-Min Chang. 2022. "A Rapid Deployment Mechanism of Forwarding Rules for Reactive Mode SDN Networks" Symmetry 14, no. 5: 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051026
APA StyleKao, M.-T., Kao, S.-J., Tseng, H.-W., & Chang, F.-M. (2022). A Rapid Deployment Mechanism of Forwarding Rules for Reactive Mode SDN Networks. Symmetry, 14(5), 1026. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14051026