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Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/land14122307
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Sustainable Management of Erosive Shores: An Interdisciplinary Approach Integrating Engineering and Social Sciences at a Tide-Dominant Beach Area

by
Jun Ik Sohn
1,*,
Hyun Dong Kim
2 and
Kiran Adhithya Ramakrishnan
3
1
Community Development Department, City of Apopka, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
2
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
3
Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2025, 14(12), 2307; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122307 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 September 2025 / Revised: 11 November 2025 / Accepted: 13 November 2025 / Published: 23 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges in the Framework for Integrated Approaches in Vulnerable Coastal Areas: Case Studies & Innovative Proposals)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This study investigates the causes and consequences of shoreline erosion at Kkotji Beach, a prominent tourist destination on the west coast of South Korea, where the degradation of the coastal environment has increasingly threatened the local tourism industry and economy, by employing a mixed-methods approach that combines field observations with MIKE 21 hydrodynamic simulations and by integrating perspectives from coastal engineering and the social sciences to develop practical, site-specific strategies for mitigating erosion, enhancing public awareness, and promoting sustainable coastal planning and development that support long-term environmental resilience and economic stability. The results show that dominant ebb currents drive southward sand transport, causing persistent northern erosion despite nourishment and highlighting the need for integrated management across engineering, policy, and community engagement.
Keywords: coastal erosion; coastal management; climate change; sustainable development; MIKE 21 coastal erosion; coastal management; climate change; sustainable development; MIKE 21

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sohn, J.I.; Kim, H.D.; Ramakrishnan, K.A. Sustainable Management of Erosive Shores: An Interdisciplinary Approach Integrating Engineering and Social Sciences at a Tide-Dominant Beach Area. Land 2025, 14, 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122307

AMA Style

Sohn JI, Kim HD, Ramakrishnan KA. Sustainable Management of Erosive Shores: An Interdisciplinary Approach Integrating Engineering and Social Sciences at a Tide-Dominant Beach Area. Land. 2025; 14(12):2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122307

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohn, Jun Ik, Hyun Dong Kim, and Kiran Adhithya Ramakrishnan. 2025. "Sustainable Management of Erosive Shores: An Interdisciplinary Approach Integrating Engineering and Social Sciences at a Tide-Dominant Beach Area" Land 14, no. 12: 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122307

APA Style

Sohn, J. I., Kim, H. D., & Ramakrishnan, K. A. (2025). Sustainable Management of Erosive Shores: An Interdisciplinary Approach Integrating Engineering and Social Sciences at a Tide-Dominant Beach Area. Land, 14(12), 2307. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122307

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