Tourism Development of Cultural Heritage Resources Through Conservation Concepts: A Case Study of Ningxia, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Cultural Heritage Research at the Micro Level
1.2. Preservation Concepts in Cultural Heritage Research
1.3. Macro Level of Cultural Heritage Research
1.4. Limitations in the Current Chinese Cultural Heritage Research
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview of the Study Area
2.2. Research Methodology
2.2.1. Kernel Density Analysis
2.2.2. Spatial Autocorrelation
- Global spatial autocorrelation
- Local spatial autocorrelation
2.2.3. Geo-Detector
2.3. Data Sources
2.3.1. Data on Cultural Heritage Resources
2.3.2. Basic Data
3. Results
3.1. Classification of Cultural Heritage Types Based on Conservation Concepts and Tourism Development Needs
3.2. Comparative Analysis of the Quantity of Cultural Heritage in Different Regions of Ningxia
3.2.1. The Mathematical Characterization of Ningxia’s Cultural Heritage Resources
3.2.2. The Spatial Pattern of Cultural Heritage Resources in Ningxia
3.3. Influencing Factors and Optimization Strategies for the Spatial Pattern of Cultural Heritage Resources in Ningxia
3.3.1. Selection of Influencing Factor Indicators and Model Construction
3.3.2. The Influencing Factors on the Spatial Pattern of Cultural Heritage Resources in Ningxia
4. Discussion
4.1. Recommendations
4.2. The Development Strategy for Cultural Heritage Resources in Ningxia
4.3. Comparison with Other Authors’ Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methodology | Fuction |
---|---|
Kernel density analysis | intuitively display the degree of spatial agglomeration of cultural heritage |
Global spatial autocorrelation | describe the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of cultural heritage and determine whether there is spatial clustering |
Local spatial autocorrelation | precisely identify the specific locations of spatial agglomeration of cultural heritage, namely the “hotspot” or “cold spot” areas |
Geo-detector | reveal the various influencing factors behind the spatial distribution of cultural heritage and their relative importance |
Main Category | Subcategory | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Amount | Percentage (%) | Category | Amount | Percentage (%) |
Remains of living and residential sites | 1578 | 32.4% | Prehistoric human activity sites and monuments | 160 | 3.3% |
Ancient City Sites and Settlement Remains | 1342 | 27.5% | |||
Historic and cultural district | 8 | 0.2% | |||
ruins of a palace building | 17 | 0.3% | |||
former residence of famous person | 18 | 0.4% | |||
Family residence | 15 | 0.3% | |||
Ancestral hall | 16 | 0.3% | |||
Political and military sites | 1219 | 25.0% | Places and sites of major political events | 20 | 0.4% |
Places and sites of major military events | 67 | 1.4% | |||
Great Wall site (monument) | 57 | 1.2% | |||
Military and civil defence fortress sites (monuments) | 286 | 5.9% | |||
Beacon mounds for beacons | 736 | 15.1% | |||
site of a relay station | 53 | 1.1% | |||
Sites of production and economic activities | 196 | 4.0% | Agricultural heritage sites | 11 | 0.2% |
Industrial and mining pits and caves site | 76 | 1.6% | |||
Transport site | 20 | 0.4% | |||
Water conservancy site | 49 | 1.0% | |||
Trade ruin | 17 | 0.3% | |||
Government granary and treasury | 11 | 0.2% | |||
Sites of traditional craftsmen’s workshops | 14 | 0.3% | |||
Religious and sacrificial sites | 1741 | 35.7% | Religious buildings | 294 | 6.0% |
Place of religious activity | 1398 | 28.7% | |||
Rock cave | 49 | 1.0% | |||
Sites and memorials of important events in modern times | 68 | 1.4% | Sites of important historical events and institutions | 50 | 1.0% |
Sites commemorating important historical figures and events | 18 | 0.4% | |||
Places for the promotion of spirituality | 71 | 1.5% | Site for the promotion of revolutionary culture | 39 | 0.8% |
Sites for the promotion of building culture | 16 | 0.3% | |||
Sites for the promotion of a culture of reform | 16 | 0.3% |
Indicator | Moran’s I | Z-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Categories | |||
Total | 0.472 | 16.821 | |
Remains of living and residential sites | 0.477 | 16.783 | |
Political and military sites | 0.389 | 14.594 | |
Sites of production and economic activities | 0.088 | 3.296 | |
Religion and Places of Worship | 0.405 | 14.299 | |
Sites and memorials of important events in modern times | 0.096 | 3.686 | |
Places for the promotion of spirituality | 0.020 * | 0.850 |
System of Indicators | Detection Factors | Explanation of Indicators |
---|---|---|
X1: Altitude | Altitude of cultural heritage resources | |
Natural factors | X2: Slope | Slope of cultural heritage resources |
X3: Water distribution | Distance of cultural heritage resources from the nearest water system | |
X4: Accessibility | Distance of cultural heritage resources from the nearest major road | |
X5: Distance to major cities | Nearest distance of cultural heritage resources to prefecture-level municipal government sites | |
Social factors | X6: Population density | Population density in prefecture-level cities |
X7: Proportion of population belonging to Ethnic minorities | Percentage of ethnic minorities in prefecture-level cities | |
X8: Urbanization process | Urbanization rate | |
X9: GDP per capita | GDP per capita in prefecture-level cities |
System of Indicators | Detection Factors | Overall Resources | Remains of Living and Residential Sites | Political and Military Sites | Sites of Production and Economic Activities | Religious and Sacrificial Sites | Sites and Memorials of Important Events in Modern Times | Places for the Promotion of Spirituality |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural factors | X1: Altitude | 0.115 | 0.248 | 0.010 | 0.379 | 0.160 | 0.103 | 0.200 |
X2: Slope | 0.012 | 0.071 | 0.004 * | 0.018 | 0.012 | 0.060 | 0.006 | |
X3: Water distribution | 0.068 | 0.049 | 0.029 | 0.083 | 0.056 | 0.070 | 0.083 | |
X4: Accessibility | 0.057 | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.048 | 0.068 | 0.016 | 0.031 | |
X5: Distance to major cities | 0.092 | 0.036 | 0.010 | 0.357 | 0.119 | 0.072 | 0.329 | |
Social factors | X6: Population density | 0.228 | 0.506 | 0.076 | 0.087 | 0.020 | 0.550 | 0.164 |
X7: Proportion of population belonging to Ethnic minorities | 0.067 | 0.149 | 0.063 | 0.075 | 0.012 | 0.029 | 0.145 | |
X8: Urbanization process | 0.230 | 0.509 | 0.049 | 0.046 | 0.018 | 0.543 | 0.149 | |
X9: GDP per capita | 0.231 | 0.512 | 0.097 | 0.051 | 0.021 | 0.489 | 0.155 |
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Zhang, S.; Hu, T.; Zhang, T.; Ju, H.; Wang, Y. Tourism Development of Cultural Heritage Resources Through Conservation Concepts: A Case Study of Ningxia, China. Land 2025, 14, 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010201
Zhang S, Hu T, Zhang T, Ju H, Wang Y. Tourism Development of Cultural Heritage Resources Through Conservation Concepts: A Case Study of Ningxia, China. Land. 2025; 14(1):201. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010201
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Shengrui, Tianyi Hu, Tongyan Zhang, Hongrun Ju, and Yingjie Wang. 2025. "Tourism Development of Cultural Heritage Resources Through Conservation Concepts: A Case Study of Ningxia, China" Land 14, no. 1: 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010201
APA StyleZhang, S., Hu, T., Zhang, T., Ju, H., & Wang, Y. (2025). Tourism Development of Cultural Heritage Resources Through Conservation Concepts: A Case Study of Ningxia, China. Land, 14(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010201