Human Impacts on Holocene Vegetation and Wetland Degradation in the Lower Pearl River, Southern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geographic Settings
3. Material and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Lithology and Chronology
4.2. Result of Pollen Analysis
4.3. Principal Component Analysis of Pollen Data
5. Discussion
5.1. Holocene Predominance of Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest and the Development of a Marsh Forest
5.2. History of Human Activity and Degradation of Marsh Forest Ecosystem
5.3. Pollen Data as an Indicator of Megaflood Deposition
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Depth (cm) | Sample | Lab. No | Age (ka BP) | ±2σ (cal. ka BP) | Median (cal. ka BP) | Median (BC/AD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
90 | BS01-3 | BETA369885 | 940 ± 30 | 921–782 | 851 | 1099 AD |
139 | BS01-4 | BETA389737 | 1720 ± 30 | 1700–1538 | 1606 | 344 AD |
177 | BS01-5 | BETA389738 | 2170 ± 30 | 2309–2053 | 2179 | 229 BC |
248 | BS01-6 | BETA369886 | 3350 ± 30 | 3686–3485 | 3547 | 1624 BC |
290 | BS01-7 | BETA369887 | 3360 ± 30 | 3689–3489 | 3592 | 1642 BC |
378 | BS01-8 | BETA389739 | 3810 ± 30 | 4351–4091 | 4198 | 2248 BC |
398 | BS01-9 | BETA389740 | 3910 ± 30 | 4419–4246 | 4346 | 2396 BC |
546.5 | BS01-10 | BETA369888 | 5280 ± 30 | 6185–5941 | 6079 | 4129 BC |
567.5 | BS01-11 | BETA369889 | 5310 ± 30 | 6196–5996 | 6085 | 4135 BC |
734.5 | BS01-12 | BETA369890 | 7100 ± 40 | 8010–7845 | 7932 | 5982 BC |
Tropical Trees | Subtropical Trees | Wetland |
---|---|---|
Apocynaceae | Altingia [Altingiaceae] | Alismataceae |
Bignoniaceae | Anacardiaceae | Glyptostrobus [Cupressaceae] |
Caesalpiniaceae | Aralia [Araliaceae] | Iridaceae |
Celastraceae | Caprifoliaceae | Lobeliaceae |
Dipterocarpaceae | Castanopsis [Fagaceae] | Nuphar [Nymphaeaceae] |
Elaecarpus [Elaeocarpaceae] | Cyclobalanopsis [Fagaceae] | Onagraceae |
Phyllanthus [Euphorbiaceae] | Combretaceae | Polygonum [Polygonaceae] |
Mallothus [Euphorbiaceae] | Crypteroniaceae | Typha [Typhaceae] |
Euphorbiaceae | Elaeagnaceae | |
Flacourtiaceae | Hamamelidaceae | Herbs |
Guttiferae | Ilex [Aquifoliaceae] | Araceae |
Helicia [Proteaceae] | Myrica [Myricaceae] | Artemisia [Asteraceae] |
Loranthaceae | Rhamnus [Rhamnaceae] | Chenopodiaceae |
Lythraceae | Rosaceae | Commelinaceae |
Magnoliaceae | Scrophulariaceae | Convolvulaceae |
Melatomataceae | Theaceae | Cruciferae |
Melia [Meliaceae] | Thymelaeaceae | Impatiens [Balsaminaceae] |
Mimosaceae | Ulmus [Ulmaceae] | Lamiaceae |
Moraceae | Liliaceae | |
Myrsinaceae | Temperate Trees | Orchidaceae |
Myrtaceae | Alnus [Betulaceae] | Poaceae |
Nyssa [Nyssaceae] | Betula [Betulaceae] | Ranunculaceae |
Oleaceae | Corylus [Betulaceae] | Saururaceae |
Palmae | Pterocarya [Juglandaceae] | Cyperaceae |
Papilionaceae | Quercus (D) [Fagaceae] | |
Passifloraceae | Ulmaceae | Pteridophyte |
Reevesia [Sterculiaceae] | Cibotium [Cibotiaceae] | |
Rubiaceae | Dicranopteris [Gleicheniaceae] | |
Rutaceae | Gymnosperm | Diplopterygium [Gleicheniaceae] |
Sapindaceae | Podocarpus [Podocarpaceae] | Lycopodium [Lycopodiaceae] |
Sapotaceae | Pinus [Pinaceae] | Lygodium [Lygodiaceae] |
Symplocos [Symplocaceae] | Polypodium [Polypodiaceae] | |
Tiliaceae | Pediastrum [Pediastraceae] | |
Verbenaceae | Concentricytes |
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Zhang, Y.; Zheng, Y.; Gong, Q.; Fu, S.; Chen, C.; Tang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Wan, Q.; Huang, K.; Zheng, Z. Human Impacts on Holocene Vegetation and Wetland Degradation in the Lower Pearl River, Southern China. Land 2024, 13, 530. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13040530
Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Gong Q, Fu S, Chen C, Tang Y, Zhang X, Wan Q, Huang K, Zheng Z. Human Impacts on Holocene Vegetation and Wetland Degradation in the Lower Pearl River, Southern China. Land. 2024; 13(4):530. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13040530
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yaze, Yanwei Zheng, Qinghua Gong, Shuqing Fu, Cong Chen, Yongjie Tang, Xiao Zhang, Qiuchi Wan, Kangyou Huang, and Zhuo Zheng. 2024. "Human Impacts on Holocene Vegetation and Wetland Degradation in the Lower Pearl River, Southern China" Land 13, no. 4: 530. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13040530