Assessing the Rural–Urban Transition of China during 1980–2020 from a Coordination Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Conceptual Framework
2.2. Index System Construction
2.2.1. Weight Measurement
2.2.2. Index Calculation
2.2.3. Measurement of ΔURDI and ΔURII
2.2.4. Measurement of Rural–Urban Transition Coordination Degree
2.2.5. Data Sources
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Characteristics of the URDI and the URII
3.2. Spatial Pattern of the URDI and the URII
3.3. Coupling Relationships between the URDI and the URII
3.4. Spatial Pattern of Rural–Urban Transition
3.5. Coordination Degree Analysis of Rural–Urban Transition
4. Discussion
4.1. The Optimal Path of Rural–Urban Transition
4.2. Policy Implications
4.3. Limitations and Future Research
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- In general, China’s URDI has increased rapidly since the 1980s, with regional disparity expanding substantially. The URII has experienced a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the difference between regions is gradually decreasing. The positive correlation between URDI and URII has gradually decoupled from 1980 to 2020.
- (2)
- From 1980–2000, the intensity of the rural–urban transition in China has tremendous regional and temporal differences. The ΔURDI has shown the spatial characteristics of the “south high–north low”, while the ΔURII is relatively evenly distributed. The high-value areas of coordination degree show the spatial pattern of coastal and riverine “T-shape”.
- (3)
- Ten types of regions are identified based on rural–urban state and transition. The decline of coordination is obvious in high-quality regions. In lagging integration regions, the higher the URDI, the transition is more uncoordinated; in double-lagging regions, high URDI means more coordination in the rural–urban transition.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Index | Indicator Layer | Definition | Weight |
---|---|---|---|
URDI | Income | Per capita disposable income | 0.364 |
Production | Per capita GDP | 0.256 | |
Consumption | Per capita household expenditure | 0.175 | |
Livelihood | Per capita food expenditure/per capita household expenditure | 0.205 | |
URII | Rural–urban income disparity | Rural per capita disposable income/Urban per capita disposable income | 0.346 |
Rural–urban production disparity | Rural per capita GDP/urban per capita GDP | 0.292 | |
Rural–urban consumption disparity | Rural per capita household expenditure/urban per household expenditure | 0.219 | |
Rural–urban livelihood disparity | Urban Engel’s coefficient/rural Engel’s coefficient | 0.142 |
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Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Jiang, Y.; Cheshmehzangi, A.; Zhou, W. Assessing the Rural–Urban Transition of China during 1980–2020 from a Coordination Perspective. Land 2023, 12, 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12061175
Zhang S, Zhao J, Jiang Y, Cheshmehzangi A, Zhou W. Assessing the Rural–Urban Transition of China during 1980–2020 from a Coordination Perspective. Land. 2023; 12(6):1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12061175
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Shiwei, Jinghui Zhao, Yanfeng Jiang, Ali Cheshmehzangi, and Wenbin Zhou. 2023. "Assessing the Rural–Urban Transition of China during 1980–2020 from a Coordination Perspective" Land 12, no. 6: 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12061175
APA StyleZhang, S., Zhao, J., Jiang, Y., Cheshmehzangi, A., & Zhou, W. (2023). Assessing the Rural–Urban Transition of China during 1980–2020 from a Coordination Perspective. Land, 12(6), 1175. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12061175