Are Floods Becoming a More Expensive Hazard? A Damages Review of the Southeastern Spanish Coast (1996–2016)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Legal Framework
2.3. Data and Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Flood Losses’ Evolution in the Study Area
3.2. Flood Damages by Province
3.3. Spatial Distribution of Flood Events
4. Discussion
4.1. Temporal Flood Losses Evolution
4.2. Provincial Measures against Floods
4.3. Flood Events’ Spatial Distribution
5. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Mean Amount | Amount | % | Accumulated Amount | Accumulated % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996–1997 | 29,280,875 | 58,206,804 | 15 | 58,206,804 | 15 |
1998–2006 | 4,723,710 | 40,298,775 | 11 | 98,505,579 | 26 |
2007 | 85,475,562 | 85,475,562 | 23 | 183,981,141 | 49 |
2008–2016 | 21,736,264 | 194,770,700 | 51 | 378,751,841 | 100 |
Assets | Flood Damages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 2016 | % Increase | Average 1996–2005 | Average 2006–2016 | % Increase | Total Amount (1996–2016) | % | |
Businesses | 774,544 | 19,548,384 | 2524 | 3,169,579 | 5,944,748 | 188 | 97,087,905 | 26 |
Industry | 148,066 | 3,050,219 | 2060 | 1,630,132 | 2,173,277 | 133 | 40,206,817 | 11 |
Civil engineering | 88,001 | 1,370,144 | 1557 | 247,671 | 495,526 | 200 | 7,926,984 | 2 |
Offices | 5318 | 608,991 | 11,452 | 103,180 | 377,875 | 366 | 5,188,011 | 1 |
Motor vehicles | 261,495 | 6,480,502 | 2478 | 1,431,444 | 3,679,524 | 257 | 54,789,082 | 14 |
Dwellings | 1,499,693 | 24,281,590 | 1619 | 3,102,283 | 12,957,316 | 418 | 173,553,042 | 46 |
Total amount | 2,777,116 | 55,339,829 | 1993 | 9,684,290 | 25,628,265 | 265 | 378,751,841 | - |
Province | Assets | Flood Damages | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | 2016 | Variation (%) | Average 1996–2005 | Average 2006–2016 | Variation (%) | Total Amount (1996–2016) | % | ||
Alicante | Businesses | 735,880 | 1,261,369 | 71 | 2,416,220 | 2,465,784 | 2 | 51,285,796 | 24 |
Industry | 124,444 | 370,014 | 197 | 1,081,879 | 656,941 | −39 | 18,044,914 | 8 | |
Civil engineering | 0 * | 428,652 | 42,865,200 | 151,592 | 54,390 | −64 | 2,114,003 | 1 | |
Offices | 5318 | 20,022 | 277 | 73,581 | 156,719 | 113 | 2,459,421 | 1 | |
Motor vehicles | 256,222 | 520,317 | 103 | 1,037,655 | 2,011,755 | 94 | 32,505,795 | 15 | |
Dwellings | 1,485,340 | 3,422,749 | 130 | 2,495,064 | 7,514,851 | 201 | 107,613,905 | 50 | |
Total amount | 2,607,204 | 6,023,123 | 131 | 7,255,990 | 12,860,441 | 77 | 214,023,834 | - | |
Murcia | Businesses | 38,664 | 18,287,015 | 47,198 | 753,359 | 3,478,963 | 362 | 45,802,190 | 28 |
Industry | 23,623 | 2,680,204 | 11,246 | 548,254 | 1,516,336 | 177 | 22,161,903 | 13 | |
Civil engineering | 88,001 | 941,492 | 970 | 96,079 | 441,136 | 359 | 5,812,981 | 4 | |
Offices | 0 * | 588,969 | 58,896,900 | 29,599 | 221,156 | 647 | 2,728,590 | 2 | |
Motor vehicles | 5273 | 5,960,185 | 112,931 | 393,789 | 1,667,769 | 324 | 22,283,287 | 14 | |
Dwellings | 14,352 | 20,858,840 | 145,235 | 607,219 | 5,442,464 | 796 | 65,939,137 | 40 | |
Total amount | 169,913 | 49,316,706 | 28,925 | 2,428,299 | 12,767,824 | 426 | 164,728,007 | - |
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López-Martínez, F. Are Floods Becoming a More Expensive Hazard? A Damages Review of the Southeastern Spanish Coast (1996–2016). Land 2023, 12, 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051035
López-Martínez F. Are Floods Becoming a More Expensive Hazard? A Damages Review of the Southeastern Spanish Coast (1996–2016). Land. 2023; 12(5):1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051035
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Martínez, Francisco. 2023. "Are Floods Becoming a More Expensive Hazard? A Damages Review of the Southeastern Spanish Coast (1996–2016)" Land 12, no. 5: 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051035
APA StyleLópez-Martínez, F. (2023). Are Floods Becoming a More Expensive Hazard? A Damages Review of the Southeastern Spanish Coast (1996–2016). Land, 12(5), 1035. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12051035