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Article

Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions for Hurricane Risk Reduction Policies in the Mexican Caribbean

by
Claudia Shantal Moreno
1,*,
Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta
2,3,
Steven W. J. Canty
4,5,
Jorge Herrera
6,
Claudia Teutli
7,
Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo
8,9,
Melanie McField
4,9,
Melina Soto
10,
Cibele do Amaral
11,12,
Steven Paton
13,
Juan David González-Trujillo
14,
Benjamin Poulter
15,
Melissa Schumacher
16 and
Pamela Durán-Díaz
1
1
Chair of Land Management, Technical University of Munich, 80333 München, Germany
2
Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University & Research, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
3
Florence School of Regulation, European University Institute, 50133 Florence, Italy
4
Smithsonian Marine Station, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA
5
Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA
6
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Mérida 97310, Mexico
7
Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Michoacán 58190, Mexico
8
Laboratorio de Ecología de Ecosistemas de Arrecifes Coralinos, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
9
Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312, USA
10
Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative, Quintana Roo 77723, Mexico
11
Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
12
Department of Forest Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
13
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama City 0843-03092, Panama
14
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C. de Serrano, 117, 28006 Madrid, Spain
15
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
16
Department of Architecture, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula 72810, Mexico
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2022, 11(10), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101701
Submission received: 18 August 2022 / Revised: 21 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 September 2022 / Published: 30 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Land Management and Land Tenure: Experiences for the Future II)
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Abstract

Nature-based solutions (NbSs) have long recognized the value of coastal and marine ecosystem management and associated ecosystem services as useful tools for climate change mitigation (e.g., blue carbon) and adaptation (e.g., coastal protection against flooding and storm surges). However, NbSs remain poorly acknowledged and mostly absent from coastal planning for disaster risk reduction policies in the Caribbean, as well as from ex-post disaster reconstruction funds. With the increasing frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the region, NbSs are now more needed than ever. Taking Mexico as a representative case study for the wider Caribbean, we here seek to identify and analyze the barriers and opportunities perceived by relevant stakeholders for mainstreaming coastal-marine NbSs into coastal management and disaster risk reduction policies (e.g., mangroves as green infrastructure) to protect coastal societies and national economies against hurricanes. We conduct semi-structured, in-depth interviews with twenty stakeholders covering academic, governmental, tourism, NGO, coastal planning, and financial domains. Among the twenty-three identified barriers, governance, institutional, financial, and human-capacity aspects are the most dominant perceptions behind the current lack of NbS implementation. Future action for the policy integration of NbSs requires widespread political will and better quantification of both the provision of ecosystem services and their economic benefits under conventional markets.
Keywords: nature-based solutions; green infrastructure; mangroves; reefs; hurricanes; disaster risk reduction; coastal management; Caribbean; policies nature-based solutions; green infrastructure; mangroves; reefs; hurricanes; disaster risk reduction; coastal management; Caribbean; policies

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MDPI and ACS Style

Moreno, C.S.; Roman-Cuesta, R.M.; Canty, S.W.J.; Herrera, J.; Teutli, C.; Muñiz-Castillo, A.I.; McField, M.; Soto, M.; do Amaral, C.; Paton, S.; et al. Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions for Hurricane Risk Reduction Policies in the Mexican Caribbean. Land 2022, 11, 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101701

AMA Style

Moreno CS, Roman-Cuesta RM, Canty SWJ, Herrera J, Teutli C, Muñiz-Castillo AI, McField M, Soto M, do Amaral C, Paton S, et al. Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions for Hurricane Risk Reduction Policies in the Mexican Caribbean. Land. 2022; 11(10):1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101701

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moreno, Claudia Shantal, Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta, Steven W. J. Canty, Jorge Herrera, Claudia Teutli, Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo, Melanie McField, Melina Soto, Cibele do Amaral, Steven Paton, and et al. 2022. "Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions for Hurricane Risk Reduction Policies in the Mexican Caribbean" Land 11, no. 10: 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101701

APA Style

Moreno, C. S., Roman-Cuesta, R. M., Canty, S. W. J., Herrera, J., Teutli, C., Muñiz-Castillo, A. I., McField, M., Soto, M., do Amaral, C., Paton, S., González-Trujillo, J. D., Poulter, B., Schumacher, M., & Durán-Díaz, P. (2022). Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Solutions for Hurricane Risk Reduction Policies in the Mexican Caribbean. Land, 11(10), 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101701

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