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Article

Observed Methane Uptake and Emissions at the Ecosystem Scale and Environmental Controls in a Subtropical Forest

by
Hui Wang
1,
Hong Li
2,
Zhihao Liu
1,
Jianhua Lv
1,
Xinzhang Song
3,
Quan Li
3,
Hong Jiang
4 and
Changhui Peng
1,5,*
1
Center for Ecological Forecasting and Global Change, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2
Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
4
International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
5
Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2021, 10(9), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090975
Submission received: 28 July 2021 / Revised: 2 September 2021 / Accepted: 10 September 2021 / Published: 16 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers for Land–Climate Interactions Section)
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Abstract

Methane (CH4) is one of the three most important greenhouse gases. To date, observations of ecosystem-scale methane (CH4) fluxes in forests are currently lacking in the global CH4 budget. The environmental factors controlling CH4 flux dynamics remain poorly understood at the ecosystem scale. In this study, we used a state-of-the-art eddy covariance technique to continuously measure the CH4 flux from 2016 to 2018 in a subtropical forest of Zhejiang Province in China, quantify the annual CH4 budget and investigate its control factors. We found that the total annual CH4 budget was 1.15 ± 0.28~4.79 ± 0.49 g CH4 m−2 year−1 for 2017–2018. The daily CH4 flux reached an emission peak of 0.145 g m−2 d−1 during winter and an uptake peak of −0.142 g m−2 d−1 in summer. During the whole study period, the studied forest region acted as a CH4 source (78.65%) during winter and a sink (21.35%) in summer. Soil temperature had a negative relationship (p < 0.01; R2 = 0.344) with CH4 flux but had a positive relationship with soil moisture (p < 0.01; R2 = 0.348). Our results showed that soil temperature and moisture were the most important factors controlling the ecosystem-scale CH4 flux dynamics of subtropical forests in the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province, China. Subtropical forest ecosystems in China acted as a net source of methane emissions from 2016 to 2018, providing positive feedback to global climate warming.
Keywords: CH4 flux; eddy covariance; annual budget; soil temperature; soil moisture CH4 flux; eddy covariance; annual budget; soil temperature; soil moisture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, H.; Li, H.; Liu, Z.; Lv, J.; Song, X.; Li, Q.; Jiang, H.; Peng, C. Observed Methane Uptake and Emissions at the Ecosystem Scale and Environmental Controls in a Subtropical Forest. Land 2021, 10, 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090975

AMA Style

Wang H, Li H, Liu Z, Lv J, Song X, Li Q, Jiang H, Peng C. Observed Methane Uptake and Emissions at the Ecosystem Scale and Environmental Controls in a Subtropical Forest. Land. 2021; 10(9):975. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090975

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Hui, Hong Li, Zhihao Liu, Jianhua Lv, Xinzhang Song, Quan Li, Hong Jiang, and Changhui Peng. 2021. "Observed Methane Uptake and Emissions at the Ecosystem Scale and Environmental Controls in a Subtropical Forest" Land 10, no. 9: 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090975

APA Style

Wang, H., Li, H., Liu, Z., Lv, J., Song, X., Li, Q., Jiang, H., & Peng, C. (2021). Observed Methane Uptake and Emissions at the Ecosystem Scale and Environmental Controls in a Subtropical Forest. Land, 10(9), 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10090975

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