Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Case Study
3.2. Data and Variables
3.3. Methodology
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Cluster | 1—CBD | 2—Expansion Area of the Centre | 3—Local Store Clusters | 4—Isolated Stores | 5—Integrated Shopping Malls | 6—Large Shopping Malls | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1995 | 2002 | 2010 | 1995 | 2002 | 2010 | 1995 | 2002 | 2010 | 1995 | 2002 | 2010 | 1995 | 2002 | 1995 | 2002 | 2010 |
Foodstuffs | 4.62 | 3.79 | 4.00 | 2.56 | 2.43 | 1.91 | 1.35 | 1.27 | 0.94 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 0.21 | 3.43 | 3.07 | 8.00 | 5.67 | 6.67 |
Personal Use Items | 15.94 | 18.96 | 18.19 | 2.59 | 2.76 | 2.85 | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 16.05 | 21.47 | 82.0 | 89.67 | 96.33 |
Household Items | 5.38 | 5.43 | 3.91 | 1.74 | 1.91 | 1.47 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 5.19 | 5.93 | 30.0 | 26.67 | 16.33 |
Health and Hygiene | 2.50 | 3.07 | 3.16 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.85 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 2.67 | 2.80 | 6.00 | 9.67 | 11.67 |
Leisure Items | 6.00 | 7.61 | 6.63 | 1.74 | 1.87 | 1.84 | 0.59 | 0.61 | 0.64 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 7.76 | 9.80 | 39.0 | 25.00 | 19.67 |
Other Items | 7.47 | 8.57 | 9.72 | 2.56 | 2.62 | 2.67 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 6.19 | 7.40 | 29.0 | 25.67 | 25.00 |
Restaurants | 8.12 | 10.11 | 10.94 | 2.61 | 2.84 | 3.42 | 0.94 | 1.06 | 1.25 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 3.52 | 6.33 | 28.0 | 27.67 | 29.67 |
Cafes | 3.18 | 3.82 | 4.19 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 2.00 | 0.72 | 0.86 | 1.08 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 3.14 | 4.20 | 11.0 | 13.67 | 13.33 |
Bars | 1.35 | 1.07 | 1.81 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
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Variable | Description | Mean | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995 | 2002 | 2010 | |||
DSS | Density of Commercial Establishments—High Street | number of establishments per block | 8.79 | 8.69 | 7.87 |
D.S.M. | Density of Commercial Establishments—Shopping Malls | number of establishments per block | 1.10 | 1.62 | 1.43 |
DVT | Diversity (Variety) | number of categories per block | 3.99 | 3.76 | 3.50 |
DVC | Diversity (Concentration) | Simpson index | 0.45 | 0.46 | 0.48 |
CL1 | Clustering (1st order) | average number of establishments in 1st order neighbouring blocks | 8.33 | 8.62 | 7.84 |
CL2 | Clustering (2nd order) | average number of establishments in 2nd order neighbouring blocks | 7.45 | 7.63 | 6.92 |
N | 1420 | 1492 | 1721 |
Cluster Variable | 1—CBD | 2—Expansion Area of the Centre | 3—Local Store Clusters | 4—Isolated Stores | 5—Integrated Shopping Malls | 6—Large Shopping Malls |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSS | 53.21 | 15.75 | 5.57 | 1.21 | 11.19 | 6.00 |
DSM | 1.35 | 0.67 | 0.33 | 0.09 | 37.00 | 227.00 |
DVT | 8.26 | 6.23 | 3.67 | 1.03 | 7.95 | 8.00 |
DVS | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.99 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
CL1 | 39.59 | 14.86 | 4.97 | 3.00 | 9.90 | 3.75 |
CL2 | 25.81 | 13.43 | 4.48 | 3.51 | 7.67 | 7.88 |
N | 34 | 418 | 618 | 328 | 21 | 1 |
Cluster Variable | 1—CBD | 2—Expansion Area of the Centre | 3—Local Store Clusters | 4—Isolated Stores | 5—Integrated Shopping Malls | 6—Large Shopping Malls |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSS | 59.14 | 16.25 | 5.59 | 1.22 | 7.33 | 0.33 |
DSM | 3.29 | 1.05 | 0.54 | 0.08 | 53.93 | 223.67 |
DVT | 7.96 | 6.11 | 3.51 | 0.97 | 3.20 | 0.33 |
DVS | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.35 | 0.99 | 0.21 | 0.23 |
CL1 | 46.27 | 15.84 | 4.99 | 3.51 | 11.74 | 3.83 |
CL2 | 31.55 | 13.54 | 4.59 | 4.24 | 7.84 | 3.25 |
N | 28 | 430 | 680 | 336 | 15 | 3 |
Cluster Variable | 1—CBD | 2—Expansion Area of the Centre | 3—Local Store Clusters | 4—Isolated Stores | 6—Large Shopping Malls |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DSS | 57.16 | 15.22 | 5.32 | 1.20 | 0.67 |
DSM | 5.38 | 2.14 | 0.77 | 0.09 | 218.00 |
DVT | 8.00 | 5.76 | 3.38 | 0.94 | 0.67 |
DVS | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 1.00 | 0.25 |
CL1 | 45.05 | 15.76 | 4.47 | 3.11 | 5.71 |
CL2 | 30.67 | 13.85 | 4.06 | 3.29 | 3.60 |
N | 32 | 449 | 824 | 413 | 3 |
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Colaço, R.; de Abreu e Silva, J. Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure. Land 2021, 10, 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060567
Colaço R, de Abreu e Silva J. Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure. Land. 2021; 10(6):567. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060567
Chicago/Turabian StyleColaço, Rui, and João de Abreu e Silva. 2021. "Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure" Land 10, no. 6: 567. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060567