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Article

Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Degradation of Azo Dye in Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors

by
Xian Cao
,
Xiaoqi Li
,
Hui Wang
,
Jingran Zhang
,
Zhou Fang
and
Xianning Li
*
School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2017, 9(5), 301; https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050301
Submission received: 22 March 2017 / Revised: 17 April 2017 / Accepted: 20 April 2017 / Published: 25 April 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Wastewater and Drinking Water through Advanced Technologies)
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Abstract

Three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors (3D-BERs) were constructed to degrade the azo dye Reactive Brilliant Red (RBR) X-3B. The 3D-BERs with different influent concentrations and external voltages were individually studied to investigate their influence on the removal of X-3B. Experimental results showed that 3D-BERs have good X-3B removal efficiency; even when the influent concentration was 800 mg/L, removal efficiency of 73.4% was still achieved. In addition, the X-3B removal efficiency stabilized shortly after the influent concentration increased. In 3D-BERs, the average X-3B removal efficiency increased from 52.8% to 85.4% when the external voltage rose from 0 to 2 V. We further identified the intermediate products via UV-Vis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, and discussed the potential mechanism of degradation. After the conjugate structure of X-3B was destroyed, all of the substances generated mainly consisted of lower-molecular-weight organics.
Keywords: three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors; azo dye; electrical stimulation; mechanism of degradation three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors; azo dye; electrical stimulation; mechanism of degradation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cao, X.; Li, X.; Wang, H.; Zhang, J.; Fang, Z.; Li, X. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Degradation of Azo Dye in Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors. Water 2017, 9, 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050301

AMA Style

Cao X, Li X, Wang H, Zhang J, Fang Z, Li X. Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Degradation of Azo Dye in Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors. Water. 2017; 9(5):301. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050301

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cao, Xian, Xiaoqi Li, Hui Wang, Jingran Zhang, Zhou Fang, and Xianning Li. 2017. "Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Degradation of Azo Dye in Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors" Water 9, no. 5: 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050301

APA Style

Cao, X., Li, X., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Fang, Z., & Li, X. (2017). Effects of Electrical Stimulation on the Degradation of Azo Dye in Three-Dimensional Biofilm Electrode Reactors. Water, 9(5), 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050301

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