A Physical Pre-Treatment Method (Vertical Weir Curtain) for Mitigating Cyanobacteria and Some of Their Metabolites in a Drinking Water Reservoir
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Design and Installation of the VWC
2.3. Field Monitoring and Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects on Basic Water Quality Variables
3.2. Effects on Total Algae and Cyanobacteria
3.3. Effects on Off-Flavors and Microcystins
3.4. Reduction Efficiencies of Algae, Off-Flavors, and Microcystins
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The VWC could be a positive tool from the cyanobacterial mitigation perspective. Cyanobacteria were present at high levels during the summer in the drinking water reservoir, particularly in the surface water. The newly-designed VWC consisting of two mats (a waterproofing mat and particle blocking mat) limited the intrusion of cyanobacteria into the water intake zone in the collected samples.
- (2)
- The VWC had an effective pre-treatment potential to reduce nuisance substances, such as cyanobacteria, geosmin, 2-MIB, and microcystins. Efficiency was particularly high when cyanobacteria were present at high densities.
- (3)
- This method is simple, easy to construct, and effective compared to similar existing mitigation measures, such as algal fences. The VWC can be applied potentially in other water bodies including cyanobacterial hot spots, and it can be further incorporated with other methods as a systemic measure of algal reduction.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specifications | Waterproofing Mat | Particle Blocking Mat |
---|---|---|
Material | Polypropylene | Polypropylene (fibrous) |
Thickness | 20 mm | 20 mm |
Horizontal length | 100 m | 100 m |
Vertical length | 2 m | 3 m |
Pore size | 0 μm | 100 μm |
Porosity | 0% | 92% |
Flow velocity | 0 m/s | 0.02–0.03 m/s |
Filtration resistance | Water, Particle | Particle |
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Park, C.-H.; Park, M.-H.; Kim, K.-H.; Kim, N.-Y.; Kim, Y.-H.; Gwon, E.-M.; Kim, B.-H.; Lim, B.-J.; Hwang, S.-J. A Physical Pre-Treatment Method (Vertical Weir Curtain) for Mitigating Cyanobacteria and Some of Their Metabolites in a Drinking Water Reservoir. Water 2017, 9, 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100775
Park C-H, Park M-H, Kim K-H, Kim N-Y, Kim Y-H, Gwon E-M, Kim B-H, Lim B-J, Hwang S-J. A Physical Pre-Treatment Method (Vertical Weir Curtain) for Mitigating Cyanobacteria and Some of Their Metabolites in a Drinking Water Reservoir. Water. 2017; 9(10):775. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100775
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Chae-Hong, Myung-Hwan Park, Keun-Hee Kim, Nan-Young Kim, Young-Hyo Kim, Eun-Mi Gwon, Baik-Ho Kim, Byung-Jin Lim, and Soon-Jin Hwang. 2017. "A Physical Pre-Treatment Method (Vertical Weir Curtain) for Mitigating Cyanobacteria and Some of Their Metabolites in a Drinking Water Reservoir" Water 9, no. 10: 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100775