Urban Drainage System Improvement for Climate Change Adaptation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Procedure for Improvement of Design Criteria in Urban Drainage Systems Considering Climate Change
- First, investigate a target area to evaluate the disaster-prevention facilities;
- Study the service life and capabilities of each facility;
- Assess the change (%) in input based on the design criteria for the facility. Next, determine whether the current disaster-prevention facility is safe from the impact of climate change;
- If the facility is safe, continue to conduct routine maintenance;
- If the facility is not safe, attempt to increase safety by improving the drainage system or the operation such as LID (Low-Impact Development), SUDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems), WSUD (Water-Sensitive Urban Design), GSI (Green Stormwater Infrastructure) etc., without reinforcing the disaster-prevention criteria. If this is not effective, reinforce the disaster-prevention criteria;
- Lastly, prepare for structural enhancements if reinforcement of the disaster prevention criteria is financially valid. The structural measures should reinforce the prevention criteria based on the evaluation of climate change effects and should improve the facility’s performance;
- However, if structural improvements are not financially valid, prepare for nonstructural measures such as evacuation and restriction.
3. Components for Future Flood Damage Analysis under Climate Change
3.1. Climate Change Scenarios and Quantile Mapping
3.2. Approaches for Rainfall Disaggregation and Flood Analysis
3.3. A Technique for Flood Damage Anaylsis
- Estimation of property values for an administrative district surrounding the flooded area;
- Determination of the inundation ratio in light of the spatial property distribution;
- Determination of the damage ratio in accordance with the inundation depth;
- Estimation of direct damage by multiplying by the damage ratio.
4. A Case Study for Improvement of Urban Drainage Systems in the Future
4.1. Study Area and Future Timeframe
- Reference: 1971–2010 (Observation Data, Reference period);
- Future I: 2011–2040 (RCP Scenario, Projection period);
- Future II: 2041–2070 (RCP Scenario, Projection period);
- Future III: 2071–2100 (RCP Scenario, Projection period).
4.2. Practical Implementation with Methodology
- Benefit from improving the prevention facilities (B): reduction of damage due to the overflow
- -
- Investigate the properties for each administrative district in the target area and estimate the flooding ratio;
- -
- Estimate the damage to the properties due to flooding using the flooding ratio.
- Cost to improve the disaster prevention facilities: (C)
- -
- Estimate the cost to improve the pipes with insufficient capacity.
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | HadGEM3-RA |
---|---|
Scenarios | RCP 8.5 |
Time period | 2010–2100 |
Grid size | 12.5 km |
Meteorological factor | Precipitation |
Time scale | Daily average |
Design Rainfall | Limit Rainfall | Future I | Future II | Future III |
---|---|---|---|---|
81.4 | ▲0.4% | ▲21% | ▲34% | ▲70% |
Damage | Future I | Future II | Future III |
---|---|---|---|
Average flooding depth (m) | 0.82 | 1.15 | 2.05 |
Average flooding area (m2) | 16,600 | 24,000 | 36,700 |
Overflow discharge () | 13,452 | 27,620 | 74,815 |
Classification | Future I | Future II | Future III |
---|---|---|---|
Section lacking in capacity (m) | 1011 | 1175 | 2506 |
Improved section (m) | 1782 | 2853 | 5535 |
Classification | Benefits | Costs | B/C |
---|---|---|---|
Future I | 1324 | 1175 | 1.13 |
Future II | 2574 | 2188 | 1.17 |
Future III | 5890 | 4931 | 1.19 |
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Kang, N.; Kim, S.; Kim, Y.; Noh, H.; Hong, S.J.; Kim, H.S. Urban Drainage System Improvement for Climate Change Adaptation. Water 2016, 8, 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070268
Kang N, Kim S, Kim Y, Noh H, Hong SJ, Kim HS. Urban Drainage System Improvement for Climate Change Adaptation. Water. 2016; 8(7):268. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070268
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Narae, Soojun Kim, Yonsoo Kim, Huiseong Noh, Seung Jin Hong, and Hung Soo Kim. 2016. "Urban Drainage System Improvement for Climate Change Adaptation" Water 8, no. 7: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8070268