Socio-Technological Influences on Future Water Demands
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, UK
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Water 2014, 6(7), 1961-1984; https://doi.org/10.3390/w6071961
Received: 30 January 2014
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Revised: 18 June 2014
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Accepted: 26 June 2014
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Published: 7 July 2014
The traditional water supply management approach focuses on (perceived) community requirements that must be met, but not on community demands, which are variable. Therefore a paradigm-shift is required to the way water is considered. In this paper two fundamental management measures to influence daily water demand and therefore conservation are considered: (1) Technological efficiency measures (i.e., via adopting water-saving devices); and (2) User behaviour (i.e., how users interact with and use the technologies). Through a newly developed futures framework, the individual and combined impact of these approaches within residential and office buildings are examined. Results show each in isolation has similar impacts (i.e., 55% reduction) on domestic water consumption per capita, although the ranges over which user behaviour can operate appears to be far more diverse. Most strikingly, when these measures are considered in combination, greater impact (i.e., 80% reduction) could be achieved. Conclusions are drawn as to how far water demand management, through a dual track approach, can go in terms of reducing indoor water consumption of both residential and office users within the UK. The paper provides philosophical arguments for what else is needed in order to secure sufficient, sustainable water supplies within a “liveable” future.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zadeh, S.M.; Hunt, D.V.L.; Rogers, C.D.F. Socio-Technological Influences on Future Water Demands. Water 2014, 6, 1961-1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/w6071961
AMA Style
Zadeh SM, Hunt DVL, Rogers CDF. Socio-Technological Influences on Future Water Demands. Water. 2014; 6(7):1961-1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/w6071961
Chicago/Turabian StyleZadeh, Sarah M., Dexter V.L. Hunt, and Christopher D.F. Rogers 2014. "Socio-Technological Influences on Future Water Demands" Water 6, no. 7: 1961-1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/w6071961
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