Exploring Social Water Research: Quantitative Network Analysis as Assistance for Qualitative Social Research
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methodology
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Quantitative Network Analysis
2.4. Qualitative Interpretation of Clusters
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive
3.2. Identification of Thematic Clusters
3.3. Interpretation of Thematic Clusters over Time
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
2007 | Keywords | Qualification |
Cluster 1 | Water Economics, Water, Water Shortage, Markets For Temporary Water Transfers, Globalisation, Irrigation, Data Envelopment Analysis (Dea), Pavement, Drought Risk, Urban, Residential Location, Water Framework Directive, Hydrogen Economy, Informal Water Development, Access, Water Right, Public-Private Partnerships, Public Participation, Participation, Environmental Impact, Regression Analysis, Crops, User Organizations, Central Asia, Adoption, Understandings, Potable Water, Institutional Design, Stakeholder Organisations, Foreign Investment Dependence, Social Capital, Common Agricultural Policy | Water Supply and Management: Focuses on various aspects of water supply and management, including water demand, mathematical modeling, and information, as well as economic and institutional dynamics within the water sector. |
Cluster 2 | Water Supply, Management, Water Demand, Hydraulic Structures, Climatic Change, Mathematical Modelling, Developing Countries, Water Conservation, Block Tariffs, Information Technology, Wsm- Dss Tool, Optimization Models, Corrosion, Water Resource, Customer, Privatization, Planning & Scheduling, Price Elasticity, Risk Assessment, Measurement, Sustainable Utilization, Shadow Price, Uniformity | Water Economics and Globalization: Emphasizes water economics, markets for temporary water transfers, and globalization |
Cluster 3 | Water Quality, Water Management, Participatory Irrigation Management, Bioretention, Multivariate Modeling And Prediction, Dss, Modeling, Non-Equilibrium, Heavy Metals, Ecology, Drainage, Dissolved Oxygen, Great Usuthu River, Gender, S1d_Dual, Netherlands, Action Plan | Water Quality and Management: Addresses water quality, development policy, participatory irrigation management, and ecological aspects |
Cluster 4 | Virtual Water In Libya, Optimization, Construction Costs, Water Distribution System, Water Security, Computation, Deterioration, Artificial Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm, Hot Water Networks, Economic Factors, Self Purification, Damage, Cross-Entropy, Pumps, Participatory Governance, Hydraulic Networks | Water Market and Policy: Focuses on water market, water transfer, water pricing, water shortages, and transboundary river management |
Cluster 5 | Water Market, Water Transfer, Water Pricing, Water Productivity, Water Policy, Water Allocation, Transboundary River Management, Iwrm, Botswana, Neoliberalism, Agricultural Water Productivity, Cropping Pattern, Heterogeneity, Application Efficiency, Conceptual Framework | Optimization and Virtual Water: Involves optimization, infrastructure of water supplies, virtual water in Libya, economic factors related to water, and digitalization |
2012 | Keywords | Qualification |
Cluster 1 | Computable General Equilibrium, Water Supply, Water Crisis, Performance Indicators, Water Distribution Network, Water Quality, Water Allocation, Water Distribution, Multi-Objective Optimisation, Inter-Basin Water Transfer (Ibwt), Stone-Geary, Reservoir, Shared Rivers, Agricultural Land, Scarcity, Impervious Cover, Stochastic Search Algorithms, Pretoria, Water Shortage, Water Reconciliation, Watershed Management, Modeling, Complex Network, Water Demand, Waste Load Allocation, Multiobjective Programming, Evolutionary Computation, Groundwater, Hazard, Earthquake, Non Market Valuation | Water Crisis and Distribution: Concentrates on water supply, water distribution, water shortages, multi-objective optimization, and digitalization |
Cluster 2 | Campylobacter, Asset Management, Alternative Solutions, Greywater Treatment, Life Cycle Assessment, Water Resource Management, Iwrm, Water Pond, Decentralization, Drought, Contamination, Decision Support System, Environment, Fuzzy Sets, Directive 80/778/Eec, Agriculture Sustainability, Identification, Drinking Water, Cross-Sectional Survey, Calnistea Catchment, Rehabilitation Planning, Optimisation, Irbm, Economic Input-Output Model, Leakage Potential, Break Prediction Model | Alternatives and Environmental Aspects: Covers asset management, alternative solutions, life cycle assessment, and sustainable agriculture |
Cluster 3 | Management, Global Water Governance, Water Security, Water Management, Hydrology & Water Resource, Desalination, Water Use, Sustainability, Sprinkler Irrigation, Economics & Finance, Water Administration, Australia, Water Pricing, On-Farm Water Storage, Water Vulnerability Evaluation, Flood Management, Environmental Security, Economic Models, Climatic Indices, Water Geography | Management and Water Administration: Encompasses global water governance, water security, and sustainable water use |
Cluster 4 | Replacement, Water Framework Directive, Water Distribution System, Valves, Water Utilities, Water Losses, Full Cost Recovery, Calibration, Cost Of Quality, Water Pipeline, Rehabilitation, Intrusion Volumes, Leakage, Water Sampling, Infrastructure, Network Analysis, Water Quality Model, Effective Supply | Water Pipelines and Distribution: Deals with water distribution systems, infrastructure, and network analysis |
Cluster 5 | Energy, Water, Biofuel, Competition, Bolivia, International Trade, Bayesian Belief Networks, Human Rights, Embodied Flow, Political Ecology, Blue And Green Water, Power Efficiency, Conflict, Life Cycle Cost, Ethanol, Regulation Upstream Competition, Abstraction Pricing, Newspapers | Energy and Water Conflicts: Explores the interaction between energy and water, political ecology, international trade, and social conflict |
2022 | Keywords | Qualification |
Cluster 1 | Extreme Weather Events, Climate Change, Vulnerability, Biodiversity, Multisector Dynamics, Yangtze River Economic Belt, Circular Economy Strategies, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Qtp), Co2 Emission, Financial Development, Urban Stormwater, Hamun Lakes, Urban Flood, Wind, Urban Planning, Eastern Mediterranean, Building Sector, Ecosystem Vulnerability, Driving Factor, Flood Hazard Index (Fhi), Agricultural Water Resource Utilization Efficiency, Water Quality, Gis, Maize Production | Extreme Weather Events and Biodiversity: Concentrates on extreme weather events, climate change, and biodiversity |
Cluster 2 | Urban Flooding, Urbanization And Ecological Environment, Deeplearning, Lid, Coupling Coordination Degree, Low-Impact Development, Water Resource Carrying Capacity, Sponge City, Smart Farming, Storm Water Management Model, Field Questionnaire, Cost-Benefit, Monthly Streamflow Prediction, Dam Seepage, Genetic Algorithm, Numerical Simulation, General Circulation Model, Data Analysis, Integrated Modeling, Flood Reduction, Swmm, Matlab | Urban Flooding and Digitalization: Addresses urban flooding, digitalization, and sustainable urban regeneration |
Cluster 3 | Circular Economy, Sustainable Urban Regeneration, Urban Stormwater Drainage Optimization, Human Nature Connectedness, Aquaculture, Environmental Assessment, Green Supply Chain Management, Green Finance, Sustainability, Digitalization, Cleaner Production, Sustainability Transitions, Sustainable Finance, Public Decision Support, Msw Supply Chain Design | Circular Economy and Sustainability: Explores circular economy, sustainable urban regeneration, sustainable finance, and green supply chain management |
Cluster 4 | Water Resources, Energy Efficiency In Buildings, Sustainable Development, Crop Production, Climate Smart, Food Security, Large Basin Area, Consumer, Optimal Allocation, Bioeconomy, Food Crops | Water Resources and Food Security: Covers water resources, energy efficiency in buildings, sustainable development, and food security |
Cluster 5 | COVID-19, Urban Water, Stormwater, Water Demand, E-Waste, Heavy Metals, Airborne Transmission, Water Supply, Nurse Wellbeing, Sustainable Management, Pandemics | COVID-19 and Sustainable Management: Focuses on COVID-19, sustainable water management, and pandemics |
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2007 | 2012 | 2017 | 2022 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Size | 612 | 711 | 709 | 750 |
Density | 0.002139426 | 0.001873972 | 0.001948316 | 0.001591455 |
Edge Count | 400 | 473 | 489 | 447 |
Year | Most Popular Words (Degree) |
---|---|
2007 | Irrigation (13), Water Supply (11), Water (8), Water Policy (8), Water Quality (7), Water Management (7), Optimization (7), Decision Support System (7), Integrated Water Resource Management (7) |
2012 | Water (12), Water Footprint (12), Climate Change (11), Water Distribution System (10), Water Supply (9), Water Resource (8), Water Management (8), Drinking Water (8), Water Distribution Network (7), Water Allocation (7), Water Planning (6), Water Quality (6) |
2017 | Water (17), Water Footprint (17), Water Governance (11), Virtual Water (10), Water Demand (9), Water Scarcity (9), Climate Change (9), Water Conservation (8), Virtual Water Trade (8), Integrated Water Resource Management (7), Water Resource (7), Water Management (7), Water-Energy Nexus (7), Water Supply (7), Water Consumption (6), Water Distribution System (6) |
2022 | Climate Change (17), COVID-19 (6), Circular Economy (5), Water Resources (5), Deeplearning (5), Life Cycle Assessment (5), Water Management (5), Sustainability (5) |
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Riedl, M.; Schulz, P. Exploring Social Water Research: Quantitative Network Analysis as Assistance for Qualitative Social Research. Water 2025, 17, 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152208
Riedl M, Schulz P. Exploring Social Water Research: Quantitative Network Analysis as Assistance for Qualitative Social Research. Water. 2025; 17(15):2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152208
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiedl, Magdalena, and Peter Schulz. 2025. "Exploring Social Water Research: Quantitative Network Analysis as Assistance for Qualitative Social Research" Water 17, no. 15: 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152208
APA StyleRiedl, M., & Schulz, P. (2025). Exploring Social Water Research: Quantitative Network Analysis as Assistance for Qualitative Social Research. Water, 17(15), 2208. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17152208