Extreme Flood Levels during the Operation of Cascade Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Yangtze River in 2020
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
3. Results
3.1. Staged Flooding Process
- Rising of water level from 1 June to 30 June
- 2.
- Bankfull of the channel and lakes from 1 July to 13 July
- 3.
- Lasting high flood levels from 14 July to 21 July
- 4.
- Slow falling after rising from 22 July to 31 July
- 5.
- A continuous decline from 1 August to 10 August
- 6.
- Withdrawal from the warning state from 11 August to 22 August
3.2. Causes of Extreme Flood Level at Nanjing
3.2.1. Preconditions
3.2.2. Determination
3.2.3. Promotion
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The extreme flood process of 2020 in the lower Yangtze River followed six important stages: rising, bankfull, lasting, slow falling, continuous decline, and withdrawal. Although the peak discharge did not exceed the historical maximum value during this period, a record-breaking flood level occurred near Nanjing and lasted for five days.
- (2)
- The long duration of the plum rain season, frequent and high-intensity rainstorms, and high overlapping rainfall areas are preconditions for this phenomenon. Successive flood processes occurred in both the main and tributaries, as well as in the connected lake water systems, and their repeated encounters were explored. In addition, the intensive flood drainage of the cities and the jacking effect of the tide level in the lower reaches has also played a role in promoting flood drainage.
- (3)
- The flood detention and peak-shaving operations of cascade reservoirs having the Three Gorges Reservoir as the core play a very important role in controlling the water level in the lower Yangtze River. Otherwise, the flood level of Nanjing would exceed the safety-guaranteed water level, resulting in huge flood disasters. In the future, choosing to jointly operate the cascade reservoirs will be an important decision for comprehensive flood control measures in the Yangtze River basin.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Water Level (m) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yichang | Chenglingji | Wuhan | Jiujiang | Hukou | Datong | Maanshan | Nanjing | |
warning | 53.00 | 32.50 | 27.30 | 20.00 | 19.50 | 14.40 | 10.00 | 8.70 |
safety guarantee | 55.73 | 34.40 | 29.73 | 23.25 | 22.50 | 17.10 | 11.95 | 10.60 |
Year | Item | Datong | Nanjing | Zhenjiang | Jiangyin | Tianshenggang |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1954 | Value (m) | 16.64 | / * | |||
Date | August 1 | |||||
1983 | Value (m) | 15.70 | 9.99 | 8.30 | 6.57 | 6.07 |
Date | 13 July | 13 July | 13 July | 13 July | 13 July | |
1998 | Value (m) | 16.32 | 10.14 | 8.37 | 6.43 | 6.01 |
Date | 2 August | 29 July | 24 August | 26 July | 26 July | |
2020 | Value (m) | 16.24 | 10.39 | 8.84 | 6.52 | 6.00 |
Date | 13 July | 21 July | 21 July | 24 July | 24 July |
Tributary Drainage System | Maximum Water Level (m) | Type | Occurrence Date | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dongting Lake | Zi River | 41.35 | OW * | 27 July |
Yuan River | 43.50 | OW | 9 July | |
Li River | 58.93 | OW | 7 July | |
Outlet | 34.74 | OG * | 28 July | |
Hong Lake | 27.20 | OG | 21 July | |
Chang Lake | 33.57 | OG | 12 July | |
Rivers distributed in the northeast of Hubei Province | Fuhuan Lake | 30.03 | OG | 20 July |
She River | 28.66 | OW | 19 July | |
Dao River | 28.96 | OW | 19 July | |
Ju River | 30.88 | OW | 19 July | |
Poyang Lake | Gan River | 24.76 | OW | 11 July |
Xin River | 27.66 | OW | 10 July | |
Outlet | 22.49 | OW | 12 July | |
Qingyi River | 16.84 | OG | 15 July | |
Shuiyang River | 13.70 | OG | 11 July | |
Chao Lake | Fengle River | 18.66 | OG | 20 July |
Lake | 13.43 | OG | 22 July | |
Xi River | 12.87 | OG | 19 July | |
Chu River | 10.06 | OG | 20 July |
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Ge, H.; Zhu, L. Extreme Flood Levels during the Operation of Cascade Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Yangtze River in 2020. Water 2023, 15, 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050851
Ge H, Zhu L. Extreme Flood Levels during the Operation of Cascade Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Yangtze River in 2020. Water. 2023; 15(5):851. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050851
Chicago/Turabian StyleGe, Hua, and Lingling Zhu. 2023. "Extreme Flood Levels during the Operation of Cascade Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Lower Yangtze River in 2020" Water 15, no. 5: 851. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050851