Accumulation of Heavy Metal Ions from Urban Soil in Spontaneous Flora
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Sample Preparation
2.2. Spontaneous Flora Sample Preparation
2.3. Methods for Heavy Metals’ Determination from Aqueous Extract
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soils
3.2. Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Plants from the Spontaneous Flora
3.3. Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Extract
4. Conclusions
- –
- The presence of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn) was detected in variable concentrations, with mint and nettle being notable for their increased level of iron and thyme and rattle for an increased level of zinc;
- –
- Potentially toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Ni) are present at low concentrations in plants as well as in infusions, except in primula and plantain, which do not contain Pb and Cd.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heavy Metals Ions | Iron | Chromium | Copper | Manganese | Zinc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Folium urticae | 49.62 ± 3.82 | 2.19 ± 0.13 | 6.74 ± 0.45 | 14.98 ± 0.49 | 30.40 ± 4.12 |
Folium taraxaci | 31.11 ± 1.41 | 5.21 ± 0.42 | 2.78 ± 0.11 | 14.33 ± 0.34 | 49.35 ± 2.01 |
Herba cichorii | 22.08 ± 1.63 | 10.44 ± 0.80 | 2.09 ± 0.24 | 20.54 ± 1.78 | 967.61 ± 6.28 |
Herba hyperici | 10.23 ± 1.27 | 1.84 ± 0.82 | 3.31 ± 0.61 | 55.66 ± 5.15 | 811.09 ± 9.69 |
Folium menthae | 80.52 ± 5.06 | 2.67 ± 0.84 | 4.15 ± 0.31 | 25.67 ± 0.96 | 309.63 ± 45.1 |
Min | 8.96 | 1.02 | 1.85 | 13.99 | 26.28 |
Max | 85.58 | 11.25 | 4.46 | 60.81 | 973.28 |
Mean | 38.712 | 4.47 | 3.814 | 26.236 | 433.616 |
Standard deviation | 27.44327 | 3.5897 | 1.80067 | 17.0806 | 26.35 |
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Harja, M.; Ciocinta, R.C.; Ondrasek, G.; Bucur, D.; Dirja, M. Accumulation of Heavy Metal Ions from Urban Soil in Spontaneous Flora. Water 2023, 15, 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040768
Harja M, Ciocinta RC, Ondrasek G, Bucur D, Dirja M. Accumulation of Heavy Metal Ions from Urban Soil in Spontaneous Flora. Water. 2023; 15(4):768. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040768
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarja, Maria, Ramona Carla Ciocinta, Gabrijel Ondrasek, Daniel Bucur, and Marcel Dirja. 2023. "Accumulation of Heavy Metal Ions from Urban Soil in Spontaneous Flora" Water 15, no. 4: 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040768