EPANET INP Code for Incomplete Mixing Model in Cross Junctions for Water Distribution Networks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Identifying the time step in which the CJ has a flow with two contiguous inlets and two contiguous outlets;
- Including a bypass at the CJ that was identified to incorporate the IMM;
- The IMM was implemented by the S12PE for every CJ at every time step;
- It was assigned the concentration at the outlets according to its similarity with the flows and concentrations on the CJ validated with the CFD model;
- Patterns and controls of EPANET were programmed to activate booster stations and open and close pipelines in the bypass according to the flow conditions to guarantee the two contiguous inlets and outlets of every time step;These novelties proposed by the IncByPass code were validated on diverse network scenarios described in the following chapters of the paper.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. EPANET Quality Model Related to CJs and the Application of the IMM
2.2. Code to Generate IncByPass
- The network is loaded, the CJs are recognized, and the properties of the connection are organized to generate the auxiliary nodes, as in Figure 4;
- The hydraulics and quality parameters are initialized with counters, and empty matrices are generated to be filled with information on the following steps;
- If the CJ presents flows with two inlets and two contiguous outlets (Figure 5), then the bypass is going to activate at the outlets (the original outlets change their status to closed, and the pipes of the bypass change their status to open);
- Then, the flow is registered in the matrix at the four boundaries and the quality concentration at the inlets (N and W);
- The incomplete mixing is calculated by the S12PE, and the results are assigned to the property Source Quality at the final nodes of the bypass at the outlets (E and S);
- The results are registered in the matrix that will be used to generate patterns for the node working as source quality in EPANET. The Patterns of EPANET are generated, indicating the concentration that is going to be established at the outlets;
- The model is simulated with these changes to obtain the quality of the results and continue to the next quality step;
- Once a simulation is completed in the total hours (e.g., if the original network simulation is 24 h), it compares the quality results at time 0:00 with the final time, 24:00. If there is a relative error less than 0.001 in all the nodes, an additional day of simulation will be run until the relative error mentioned above is reached (another 24 h of simulation is increased);
- In the last 24 h, with the relative errors less than 0.001, the model will be simulated to generate controls of EPANET by IncByPass. The controls are generated to indicate when the outlets and source quality should operate based on the hydraulic direction flows around the CJs;
- And the code IncByPass is finished (Figure 6).
2.3. Application of IncByPass with Constant Demand to Verify the Results of the Generated Code
2.3.1. Application of Incomplete Mixing on IM1.net with Constant Consumption
2.3.2. Application of Incomplete Mixing on IM2.net with Constant Demands
2.4. Validation of the Model with a Variable Consumption and Tanks around the Network to Verify the Stabilized Conditions on the Hydraulic and Quality with the IncByPass
3. Results
3.1. Network with a High Quantity of CJs
3.2. Network Based in Romita Downtown in Guanajuato State in México
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Network Components | System Operation | Water Quality | Options and Reporting | Network Map/Tags |
---|---|---|---|---|
Title | Curves | Quality | Options | Coordinates |
Junctions * | Patterns * | Reactions * | Times * | Vertices |
Reservoirs | Energy | Sources * | Report | Labels |
Tanks | Status | Mixing | Backdrop | |
Pipes * | Controls * | Tags | ||
Pumps | Rules | |||
Valves | Demands | |||
Emitters |
Time Parameters in EPANET | Default Values in EPANET (h) | Times Modification in IncByPass (h) |
---|---|---|
Hydraulic Time Step | 1:00 | 0:05 * |
Quality Time Step | 0:05 | 0:05 |
Pattern Time Step | 1:00 | 0:05 * |
Reporting Time Step | 1:00 | 1:00 |
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Hernández Cervantes, D.; Arciniega Nevárez, J.A.; Ramos, H.M.; Delgado Galván, X.; Pineda Sandoval, J.D.; Mora Rodríguez, J. EPANET INP Code for Incomplete Mixing Model in Cross Junctions for Water Distribution Networks. Water 2023, 15, 4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244253
Hernández Cervantes D, Arciniega Nevárez JA, Ramos HM, Delgado Galván X, Pineda Sandoval JD, Mora Rodríguez J. EPANET INP Code for Incomplete Mixing Model in Cross Junctions for Water Distribution Networks. Water. 2023; 15(24):4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244253
Chicago/Turabian StyleHernández Cervantes, Daniel, José Antonio Arciniega Nevárez, Helena M. Ramos, Xitlali Delgado Galván, Joseph Daniel Pineda Sandoval, and Jesús Mora Rodríguez. 2023. "EPANET INP Code for Incomplete Mixing Model in Cross Junctions for Water Distribution Networks" Water 15, no. 24: 4253. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15244253