Analysis of the Force Characteristics of Two Tandem Cylinders by Internal Waves over Slope Topography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Governing Equation
3. Numerical Models
3.1. Numerical Methods and Boundary Conditions
3.2. Grid Independent Analysis
3.3. Numerical Simulation Results Verified by the Physical Experimental Results
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Effects of Slope Terrain on the Forces Acting on SC and Two Tandem Cylinders
4.2. Effects of L/D on the Force Behaviors and Flow Field Characteristics for P1
4.2.1. Distinction of the Flow Field and Pressure Distribution between P1 and SC (L/D = 1.5)
4.2.2. Distinction of the Flow Field and Pressure Distribution between P1 and SC (2.0 ≤ L/D ≤ 3.0)
4.2.3. Distinction of the Flow Field and Pressure Distribution between P1 and SC (3.0 < L/D ≤ 6.0)
4.3. Effects of L/D on the Force Behaviors and Flow Field Characteristics for P2
4.3.1. Distinction of the Flow Field and Pressure Distribution in the Upper Layer between P2 and SC (1.5 ≤ L/D < 3.0)
4.3.2. Distinction of the Flow Field and Pressure Distribution in the Lower Layer between P2 and SC (1.5 ≤ L/D ≤ 6)
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | ∆t (s) | CFn−max | Elements Number |
---|---|---|---|
L (low density) | 0.02 | 0.0906 | 525,454 |
M (moderate density) | 0.01 | 0.0976 | 2,384,640 |
H (high density) | 0.006 | 0.0981 | 3,318,278 |
Case | h1/h2 | η0/H | L/D | CFn−max (SC) | CFn−max (P1) | CFn−max (P2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | 0.33 | 0.057 | / | 0.0856 | / | / |
N2 | 0.33 | 0.057 | / | −0.0725 | / | / |
N3 | 0.33 | 0.057 | 1.5 | / | 0.1084 | −0.0575 |
N4 | 0.33 | 0.057 | 1.5 | / | 0.1575 | −0.1217 |
N5 | 0.33 | 0.057 | 6.0 | / | 0.0814 | 0.0816 |
N6 | 0.33 | 0.057 | 6.0 | / | −0.0738 | 0.0448 |
Case | h1/h2 | η0/H | L/D | +CFn–max (P1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 (SC) | 0.33 | 0.057 | / | 0.0512 |
C2 (L/D = 1.5) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 1.5 | 0.1575 |
C3 (L/D = 2.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 2.0 | 0.1556 |
C4 (L/D = 2.5) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 2.5 | 0.0929 |
C5 (L/D =3.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 3.0 | 0.0511 |
C6 (L/D = 3.5) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 3.5 | 0.0482 |
C7 (L/D = 4.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 4.0 | 0.0470 |
C8 (L/D = 5.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 5.0 | 0.0440 |
C9 (L/D = 6.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 6.0 | 0.0494 |
Case | h1/h2 | η0/H | L/D | −CFn−max (P2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 (SC) | 0.33 | 0.057 | / | −0.0725 |
C2 (L/D = 1.5) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 1.5 | −0.1217 |
C3 (L/D = 2.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 2.0 | −0.1124 |
C4 (L/D = 2.5) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 2.5 | −0.0433 |
C5 (L/D = 3.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 3.0 | −0.0459 |
C6 (L/D = 3.5) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 3.5 | −0.0458 |
C7 (L/D = 4.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 4.0 | −0.0455 |
C8 (L/D = 5.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 5.0 | −0.0449 |
C9 (L/D = 6.0) | 0.33 | 0.057 | 6.0 | −0.0445 |
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Wang, Y.; Xiong, X.; Zhang, C.; Wang, L.; Wu, X.; Wang, H.; Liu, Z.; Wang, C. Analysis of the Force Characteristics of Two Tandem Cylinders by Internal Waves over Slope Topography. Water 2023, 15, 3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183259
Wang Y, Xiong X, Zhang C, Wang L, Wu X, Wang H, Liu Z, Wang C. Analysis of the Force Characteristics of Two Tandem Cylinders by Internal Waves over Slope Topography. Water. 2023; 15(18):3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183259
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yin, Xiahui Xiong, Chenhui Zhang, Lingling Wang, Xiaobin Wu, Hua Wang, Zhi Liu, and Chunling Wang. 2023. "Analysis of the Force Characteristics of Two Tandem Cylinders by Internal Waves over Slope Topography" Water 15, no. 18: 3259. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183259