Water Protection Zones—Impacts on Weed Vegetation of Arable Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Method of Vegetation Assessment
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Water Protection Zone | Crop | Surface Area (ha) | GPS |
---|---|---|---|
No herbicide limitations (full regulation) | Maize | 7.12 | 48.9282369 N, 17.3842381 E |
Winter wheat | 11.11 | 48.9334244 N, 17.3749683 E | |
Rapeseed | 9.08 | 48.9294775 N, 17.3726725 E | |
Herbicide limitations (limitation) | Maize | 7.07 | 48.9418253 N, 17.3554419 E |
Winter wheat | 15.95 | 48.9441083 N, 17.3509789 E | |
Rapeseed | 8.05 | 48.9502931 N, 17.3555419 E |
Occurence in Crop Stand | Groups of Weeds | ||
---|---|---|---|
Species Preferring Herbicide Limitation | Species without Any Preference, Affected by Other Factors | Species Preferring Full Herbicide Regulation | |
Flint maize | AbuTheo—Abutilon theophrasti, AnaArve—Anagallis arvensis, DatStra—Datura stramonium, CheStri—Chenopodium strictum, CheSuec—Chenopodium suecicum, MerAnnu—Mercurialis annua, SetViri—Setaria viridis, SolNigr—Solanum nigrum | AmaRetr—Amaranthus retroflexus, CapBurs—Capsella bursa-pastoris, EchCrus—Echinochloa crus-galli, CheAlbu—Chenopodium album, PerLapa—Persicaria lapathifolia, SteMedi—Stellaria media, ThlArve—Thlaspi arvense, TriAest—Triticum aestivum | AmaPowe—Amaranthus powellii, AnaFoem—Anagallis foemina, CirArve—Cirsium arvense, ElyRepe—Elymus repens, ChePedu—Chenopodium album subsp. Pedunculare, RumCris—Rumex crispus, SetPumi—Setaria pumila |
Winter wheat | AnaArve—Anagallis arvensis, CirArve—Cirsium arvense, ElyRepe—Elymus repens | CheAlbu—Chenopodium album, SolNigr—Solanum nigrum, VerHede—Veronica hederifolia | ApeSpic—Apera spica-venti, AtrPatu—Atriplex patula, AveFatu—Avena fatua, BroSter—Bromus sterilis, BroTect—Bromus tectorum, CapBurs—Capsella bursa-pastoris, DesSoph—Descurainia Sophia, GalApar—Galium aparine, MatCham—Matricaria chamomilla, PapRhoe—Papaver rhoeas, PlaUlig—Plantago uliginosa, VerPers—Veronica persica, VioArve—Viola arvensis |
Winter rapeseed | GerPusi—Geranium pusillum, PapRhoe—Papaver rhoeas, PlaUlig—Plantago uliginosa, SinArve—Sinapis arvensis, VerHede—Veronica hederifolia, VerPers—Veronica persica | CapBurs—Capsella bursa-pastoris, DesSoph—Descurainia Sophia, MatCham—Matricaria chamomilla, SteMedi—Stellaria media, TriAest—Triticum aestivum, TriInod—Tripleurospermum inodorum, VioArve—Viola arvensis | ApeSpic—Apera spica-venti, LamPurp—Lamium purpureum, ThlArve—Thlaspi arvense |
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Winkler, J.; Řičica, T.; Hubačíková, V.; Koda, E.; Vaverková, M.D.; Havel, L.; Żółtowski, M. Water Protection Zones—Impacts on Weed Vegetation of Arable Soil. Water 2023, 15, 3161. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173161
Winkler J, Řičica T, Hubačíková V, Koda E, Vaverková MD, Havel L, Żółtowski M. Water Protection Zones—Impacts on Weed Vegetation of Arable Soil. Water. 2023; 15(17):3161. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173161
Chicago/Turabian StyleWinkler, Jan, Tomáš Řičica, Věra Hubačíková, Eugeniusz Koda, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, Ladislav Havel, and Mariusz Żółtowski. 2023. "Water Protection Zones—Impacts on Weed Vegetation of Arable Soil" Water 15, no. 17: 3161. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173161