Comparisons of Retention and Lag Characteristics of Rainfall–Runoff under Different Rainfall Scenarios in Low-Impact Development Combination: A Case Study in Lingang New City, Shanghai
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Acquisition and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Rainfall Runoff Retention Effect
3.2. Rainfall–Runoff Lag Effect
3.3. Effects of Rainfall Characteristics on Retention and Lag Effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Type | Permeability Coefficient k (cm/s) |
---|---|
Sandy silt | 1.54 × 10−4~1.83 × 10−4 |
Silt | 2.63 × 10−4~2.77 × 10−4 |
Mucky clay | 1.54 × 10−5~1.55 × 10−5 |
Clay | 1.38 × 10−5~1.54 × 10−5 |
LID | Area | Number |
---|---|---|
Retention pond | 25 m3 | 25 |
Rain garden | 773.3 m2 | 75 |
Green parking | 2631.6 m2 | 58 |
Grass swale | 50.12 m2 | 47 |
Porous pavement | 158 m2 | 2 |
Retention Effect | Rainfall Duration | Rainfall Amount | Rainfall Intensity |
---|---|---|---|
Runoff retention | −0.227(0.417) | 0.932 (<0.001) | 0.704 (0.005) |
Runoff retention rate | −0.622 (0.013) | 0.107 (0.705) | 0.446 (0.097) |
A0 | −0.317 (0.250) | 0.414 (0.126) | 0.489 (0.067) |
Retention and Lag Time | Rainfall Duration | Rainfall Amount | Rainfall Intensity |
---|---|---|---|
t1 | 0.228 (0.413) | −0.084 (0.766) | −0.301 (0.275) |
t2 | 0.496 (0.060) | −0.507 (0.054) | −0.706 (0.003) |
t3 | 0.585 (0.022) | −0.147 (0.602) | −0.633 (0.011) |
t4 | 0.141 (0.616) | −0.332 (0.226) | −0.303 (0.271) |
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Zhang, C.; Lv, Y.; Chen, J.; Chen, T.; Liu, J.; Ding, L.; Zhang, N.; Gao, Q. Comparisons of Retention and Lag Characteristics of Rainfall–Runoff under Different Rainfall Scenarios in Low-Impact Development Combination: A Case Study in Lingang New City, Shanghai. Water 2023, 15, 3106. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173106
Zhang C, Lv Y, Chen J, Chen T, Liu J, Ding L, Zhang N, Gao Q. Comparisons of Retention and Lag Characteristics of Rainfall–Runoff under Different Rainfall Scenarios in Low-Impact Development Combination: A Case Study in Lingang New City, Shanghai. Water. 2023; 15(17):3106. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173106
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Chen, Yongpeng Lv, Jian Chen, Tao Chen, Jinqiao Liu, Lei Ding, Nan Zhang, and Qiang Gao. 2023. "Comparisons of Retention and Lag Characteristics of Rainfall–Runoff under Different Rainfall Scenarios in Low-Impact Development Combination: A Case Study in Lingang New City, Shanghai" Water 15, no. 17: 3106. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173106