Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Selection of Water Quality Parameters
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Line Graph Showing the Variation of Water Quality Parameters
3.2. Correlation among Water Quality Parameters
3.3. Analysis of Temporal Variation in the Godavari River Using One-Way ANOVA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Parameters | Temperature | DO | pH | Conductivity | BOD | Nitrate | Faecal Coliform |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | Temperature | 1 | ||||||
DO | 0.123 | 1 | ||||||
pH | 0.161 | 0.335 | 1 | |||||
Conductivity | 0.002 | −0.556 * | 0.273 | 1 | ||||
BOD | −0.213 | 0.402 | 0.168 | 0.794 * | 1 | |||
Nitrate | 0.341 | 0.068 | 0.198 | 0.342 | 0.536 * | 1 | ||
Faecal Coliform | −0.424 | −0.420 | −0.073 | −0.192 | 0.123 | 0.380 | 1 | |
2016 | Temperature | 1 | ||||||
DO | −0.298 | 1 | ||||||
pH | −0.556 * | 0.058 | 1 | |||||
Conductivity | −0.465 | 0.416 | 0.473 | 1 | ||||
BOD | 0.092 | −0.198 | 0.248 | 0.065 | 1 | |||
Nitrate | 0.082 | −0.201 | −0.032 | −0.266 | 0.191 | 1 | ||
Faecal Coliform | 0 | −0.731 * | 0.333 | −0.418 | 0.294 | 0.350 | 1 | |
2017 | Temperature | 1 | ||||||
DO | −0.075 | 1 | ||||||
pH | −0.108 | −0.549 * | 1 | |||||
Conductivity | 0.173 | −0.170 | 0.114 | 1 | ||||
BOD | 0.176 | −0.221 | 0.118 | 0.145 | 1 | |||
Nitrate | −0.106 | −0.380 | 0.082 | −0.046 | −0.163 | 1 | ||
Faecal Coliform | 0.094 | −0.638 * | 0.186 | −0.117 | −0.073 | 0.664 * | 1 | |
2018 | Temperature | 1 | ||||||
DO | 0.223 | 1 | ||||||
pH | −0.333 | −0.123 | 1 | |||||
Conductivity | −0.075 | 0.211 | −0.291 | 1 | ||||
BOD | 0.130 | −0.442 | −0.006 | −0.107 | 1 | |||
Nitrate | −0.270 | 0.188 | −0.412 | 0.845 * | −0.208 | 1 | ||
Faecal Coliform | −0.460 | −0.210 | −0.155 | 0.751 * | −0.060 | 0.713 * | 1 | |
2019 | Temperature | 1 | ||||||
DO | 0.078 | 1 | ||||||
pH | 0.001 | 0.346 | 1 | |||||
Conductivity | 0.403 | 0.162 | −0.267 | 1 | ||||
BOD | −0.170 | −0.748 * | −0.318 | −0.143 | 1 | |||
Nitrate | 0.110 | −0.112 | −0.226 | −0.011 | 0.437 | 1 | ||
Faecal Coliform | 0.466 | −0.563 * | 0.203 | 0.536* | 0.540 * | −0.098 | 1 |
Water Quality Parameter | Source of Variation | SS | df | MS | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | Between Groups | 263.733 | 4 | 65.93325 | 6.804544 * |
Within Groups | 1114.303 | 115 | 9.689591 | ||
Total | 1378.036 | 119 | |||
pH | Between Groups | 1.09382 | 4 | 0.273455 | 3.08538 * |
Within Groups | 10.19237 | 115 | 0.088629 | ||
Total | 11.28619 | 119 | |||
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) | Between Groups | 0.914913 | 4 | 0.228728 | 0.393193 |
Within Groups | 66.89783 | 115 | 0.58172 | ||
Total | 67.81275 | 119 | |||
Conductivity (µmho/Cm) | Between Groups | 8.27 × 1009 | 4 | 2.07 × 109 | 0.931765 |
Within Groups | 2.55 × 1011 | 115 | 2.22 × 109 | ||
Total | 2.63 × 1011 | 119 | |||
BOD (mg/L) | Between Groups | 112.7438 | 4 | 28.18596 | 0.794579 |
Within Groups | 4079.372 | 115 | 35.4728 | ||
Total | 4192.116 | 119 | |||
Nitrate (mg/L) | Between Groups | 88.37806 | 4 | 22.09452 | 2.3165 |
Within Groups | 1096.857 | 115 | 9.537886 | ||
Total | 1185.235 | 119 | |||
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100 mL) | Between Groups | 72,772.34 | 4 | 18193.09 | 8.977362 * |
Within Groups | 233,053.4 | 115 | 2026.551 | ||
Total | 305,825.8 | 119 |
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Navasakthi, S.; Pandey, A.; Dandautiya, R.; Hasan, M.; Khan, M.A.; Perveen, K.; Alam, S.; Garg, R.; Qamar, O. Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River. Water 2023, 15, 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173076
Navasakthi S, Pandey A, Dandautiya R, Hasan M, Khan MA, Perveen K, Alam S, Garg R, Qamar O. Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River. Water. 2023; 15(17):3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173076
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavasakthi, Shibani, Anuvesh Pandey, Rahul Dandautiya, Murtaza Hasan, Mohammad Amir Khan, Kahkashan Perveen, Shamshad Alam, Rajni Garg, and Obaid Qamar. 2023. "Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Quality for the Godavari River" Water 15, no. 17: 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15173076