Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan: Recent Developments and Future Prospects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Brief History on Urban Runoff Modeling in Japan
3. Rainfall and Water Level Observation System in Japan
4. Storage Function Model in Urban Watersheds
4.1. Conventional SF Models
4.2. Urban Storage Function (USF) Model
4.3. Application of the USF Model in an Urban Watershed
4.4. Runoff Prediction by USF Using XRAIN Data in an Urban Watershed
4.5. AI-Based Flood Runoff Modeling in Urban Watersheds
5. Distributed Physical Models in Urban Watersheds
5.1. Background
5.2. Representation of Urban Structures in Distributed Physical Models
5.3. Structured Grid
5.4. Curvilinear Grid
5.5. Unstructured Grid
5.6. Road Network
5.7. Urban Landscape GIS Delineation
5.8. TSR Model
5.8.1. Outline of Tokyo Storm Runoff (TSR) Model
5.8.2. Model Application to Urban Watershed
6. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Year | Ref. No. | Model/Method Name | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
1954 | [58] | Kinematic Wave Theory | Hillslope runoff analysis. |
1955 | [59] | Kinematic Wave Theory | Characteristic curve method is used for hillslope runoff analysis. |
1955 | ([60]) | Kinematic Wave Theory | River flow tracking analysis. |
1961 | [18] | Storage Function Model | The original storage function model was developed. |
1967 | [1] | - | The first paper in Japan that quantitatively describe urban flood runoff mechanisms. |
1967 | ([81]) | Storage Function Model | The Prasad storage function model was developed. |
1972 | [17] | Tank Model | The original tank model was developed. |
1972 | [55] | Modified RRL Method | The model was applied to urban watersheds. |
1976 | [51] | Kinematic Wave Theory | Concentration time of flood by urbanization was studied. |
1977 | [54] | Quasi-Linear Storage Model | The model was applied to urban watersheds. |
1979 | ([30]) | TOPMODEL | A watershed hydrologic model that combines the advantages of a concentrated constant model with the effects of runoff contribution rate changes and the dispersion of stormwater due to channel network runoff. |
1980 | [79] | Storage Function Model | Explanatory paper of the model. |
1980 | [111] | 2D Diffusive Model (Structured Grid) | Pioneering model for inundation calculations. |
1982 | [2] | - | A study of flood runoff changes in hilly basins by urbanization. |
1982 | [57] | Kinematic Wave Theory | The effects of urbanization on flood runoff was analyzed. |
1982 | [50] | Rational Method | Application of Rational Method to urbanized channels. |
1982 | [82] | Storage Function Model | Relationship with kinematic wave model was studies |
1985 | [3] | - | The effect of field moisture distribution on runoff was analyzed. |
1985 | [4] | - | A review of runoff changes due to urbanization is made. |
1985 | [85] | Storage Function Model | Comparison of various SF models |
1991 | [63] | Kinematic Wave Model | Application for an urban watershed by dividing it into rectangular sub-watersheds. |
1992 | ([31]) | Xinanjiang Model | Rainfall-runoff, distributed, basin model. |
1995 | ([33]) | SHE/SHESED | Basin-scale water flow and sediment transport modeling system. |
1995 | ([34]) | Institute of Hydrology Distributed Model | The model uses established flow equations for surface and subsurface. |
1995 | ([35]) | HBV Model | Lumped (or semi-distributed) bucket-type (conceptual) catchment model. |
1995 | [64] | Diffusion Wave Model Dynamic Wave Model | Comparison with kinematic wave model for nonstationary and unsteady river channel flow. |
1995 | [91] | Tank Model | Tank model parameter estimation using global optimization methods, |
1996 | [65] | Doken Model | Distributed model for real-time flood forecasting. |
1997 | [67] | Kinematic Wave Model | Model parameters were obtained using GIS information. |
1998 | [52] | Rational Model | Application for small urban rivers. |
1998 | [122] | 2D Diffusive Wave Model (Curvilinear Grid) | Pioneer research on flood flow considering the influence of buildings and road structures. |
1999 | [22] | Storage Function Model | Proposal of SF model considering loss mechanisms that directly uses the observed rainfall and runoff. |
1999 | [25] | Distributed Runoff Model | Evaluation of the permeable pavement and the house infiltration system. |
1999 | [125] | 2D Diffusive Wave Model (Road Network) | Proposal of road network model in an urban area. |
2000 | [84] | Storage Function Model (Hoshi’s Model) | Proposal of four-parameter SF model that directly uses the observed rainfall and runoff. |
2000 | [112] | 2D Diffusive Model (Structured Grid) | The model of [112] was extended to include inflows from mountain watersheds and sewer overflows. |
2001 | [26] | A Distributed Hydrological Model-WEP Model | WEP model that evaluates the effects of stormwater detention ponds and infiltration trenches in urban watersheds. |
2002 | [121] | 2D Diffusive Model (Structured/Curvilinear /Unstructured Grid) | Proposal of a flood runoff analysis model considering urban area characteristics. |
2004 | [119] | NILIM2.0 2D Diffusive Model | A standard method used to prepare municipal flood maps in Japan. |
2007 | [39] | TSR Model | TSR model in the early development stage. The model is a physically based distributed model, which was applied for an urban catchment using polygon feature GIS data. |
2008 | [86] | Storage Function Model | Proposal of SF model considering outflow through combined sewer system. |
2008 | [123] | Flood Disaster Deduction System (Dual Drainage, Unstructured Grid) | Consideration of sewer flows in surface flooding models that use 2D full shallow-water equations. |
2009 | [23] | Urban storage function (USF) Model | Proposal of USF Model that directly uses the observed rainfall and runoff. |
2010 | ([36]) | HYPE Model | Dynamic and semi-distributed hydrological model integrating fluxes of water, nutrients, and other substances. |
2010 | [124] | Flood Disaster Reduction System (Dual Drainage, Unstructured Grid) | The numerical simulation for inundation flows with flood control system was carried out. |
2011 | [118] | 2D Diffusive Model (Structured Grid) | Formulating the impact of buildings on flood flows. |
2011 | [126] | 1D Saint-Venant Equations (Dual Drainage, Road Network) | Numerical analysis of inundation in the region of downtown Tokyo with residence area. |
2012 | [6] | Dual drainage model TSR model (Urban Landscape GIS) | TSR model was proposed that is a distributed urban storm runoff event model with a vector-based catchment. |
2012 | [28] | RRI model | RRI model was proposed that is a 2D model capable of simultaneously analyzing rainfall-runoff and flood inundation. |
2012 | [38] | Urban Landscape GIS Delineation | Permeable area ratio of 10m-mesh land use classification was studied. |
2012 | [53] | Synthesized Rational Model | Theoretical derivation of the synthesized rational formula. |
2012 | [97] | USF Model | Real-time runoff forecasting of the model using particle filter. |
2013 | [98] | USF Model | Real-time runoff forecasting of the model using the Kalman filter. |
2013 | [132] | TSR model (Urban Landscape GIS) | TSR model considering the flooding process of buildings. |
2015 | [92] | Distributed Model SCE-UA Method | Parameter identification of a distributed runoff model using SCE-UA method. |
2016 | [40] | Urban Landscape GIS Delineation | Impervious area ratios of grid-based land use classifications were assessed. |
2016 | [100] | XRAIN Data | Precision evaluation of XRAIN data in a small urban watershed. |
2016 | [104] | Deep Learning (DL) Method | Development of the real-time river stage prediction method using DL approach. |
2017 | [62] | Various Numerical Methods | Review paper for surface water flow numerical analysis. |
2017 | [83] | Baseflow Estimation Method | Baseflow estimation using recursive digital filters. |
2017 | [102] | XRAIN Data | Spatiotemporal characteristic analysis of XRAIN data. |
2017 | [103] | XRAIN Data | Spatiotemporal correlation analysis of XRAIN data focused on torrential rainfall events at each ground observation point. |
2017 | [106] | Machine Learning (ML) Method | Real-time forecasting of water levels in sewer system by the method. |
2017 | [110] | Deep Neural Network (DNN) Model Distributed Model | Proposal of real-time river stage prediction model by combining DNN and a distributed model. |
2018 | ([43]) | SWMM | Drainage area characterization for evaluating green infrastructure. |
2018 | ([66]) | IFAS (Integrated Flood Analysis System) | Flood forecasting in watersheds with inadequate water level observations. |
2018 | [88] | Storage Function Model | An effective storage function model for an urban watershed was investigated. |
2018 | [99] | USF Model XRAIN Data | Reproducibility of hydrograph by USF model using different rainfall datasets was studied. |
2018 | [101] | XRAIN Data | Precision of 1-minute XRAIN data in a small urban watershed was studied. |
2018 | [105] | DL Method | Application of DL method to long-term prediction of dam inflow. |
2018 | [113] | Integrated Model with InfoWorks and WEB-DHM | A river channel and sewer model were built by integrating InfoWorks into WEB-DHM. |
2019 | [21] | HYPE Model | HYPE model using EEA Urban Atlas. |
2019 | [94] | USF Model | Parameter uncertainty of USF model was evaluated. |
2019 | [95] | USF Model | Proposal of a generalized USF model considering spatial rainfall distribution. |
2019 | [107] | USF Model DL Method | Possibility of emulating USF model by DL method was studied for benchmark virtual hyeto and hydrograph. |
2019 | [108] | Neural Network Method DL Method | Comparison of emulation ability for the USF model by the two methods. |
2019 | ([114]) | HE-C-RAS | HEC-RAS was used to generate flood inundation and develop a risk map under the different rainfall scenarios. |
2020 | [27] | TSR model | TSR model, considering green infrastructure. |
2020 | [96] | Generalized Storage Function Model | Proposal of a generalized storage function model for the water level estimation. |
2020 | [109] | DL Method | Prediction evaluation of hydrograph by the method using an observed urban dataset. |
2021 | ([115]) | HEC-RAS | Building representation method by HEC-RAS 2-D and evaluation of the influence of fluid forces on buildings. |
2023 | [77] | Time Series Method | Water level forecasting based on time series analysis in an urban watershed. |
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No. | Models | Storage Equation | Continuity Equation |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Linear (3-PAR) | ||
2 | Kimura (4-PAR) | ||
3 | Prasad (5-PAR) | ||
4 | Hoshi (6-PAR) | ||
5 | USF (7-PAR) |
Geometry | Image | Characteristics (a) Objective; (b) Features; (c) Land use; (d) Handling of Buildings; (e) Surface Flow Equations |
---|---|---|
Structured Grid [118,119,120] |
| |
Curvilinear Grid [121,122] |
| |
Unstructured Grid [123,124] |
| |
Road Network [125,126] |
| |
Urban Landscape Delineation [6] |
|
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Kawamura, A.; Amaguchi, H.; Olsson, J.; Tanouchi, H. Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Water 2023, 15, 2733. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152733
Kawamura A, Amaguchi H, Olsson J, Tanouchi H. Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Water. 2023; 15(15):2733. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152733
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawamura, Akira, Hideo Amaguchi, Jonas Olsson, and Hiroto Tanouchi. 2023. "Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan: Recent Developments and Future Prospects" Water 15, no. 15: 2733. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152733
APA StyleKawamura, A., Amaguchi, H., Olsson, J., & Tanouchi, H. (2023). Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Water, 15(15), 2733. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152733