Spatiotemporal Changes in the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in China’s Huai River Basin and Their Influencing Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Area and Data
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Methods
4. Results
4.1. Ecosystem Services Supply
4.2. Ecosystem Services Demand
4.3. Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services
4.4. Factors in Ecosystem Service Supply and Demand
4.5. Analyzing the MGWR Model Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Land Use Type | Supply Services | Provisioning Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food | Aquatic Products | Water | Climate Regulation | Stormwater Regulation | Air Purification | Soil Conservation | Water Purification | Water Conservation | Carbon Sequestration | Leisure and Entertainment | Landscape Aesthetics | |
Farmland | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Forests | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Plains | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
Water bodies | 0 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 4 |
Construction land | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Bare land | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Land Use Type | Supply Services | Provisioning Services | Cultural Services | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food | Aquatic Products | Water | Climate Regulation | Stormwater Regulation | Air Purification | Soil Conservation | Water Purification | Water Conservation | Carbon Sequestration | leisure and Entertainment | Landscape Aesthetics | |
Farmland | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Forests | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Plains | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Water bodies | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Construction land | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
Bare land | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
GDP | Population | Area of Farmland | Area of Ecologicaluse Land | Construction Use Land Area | Elevation | Slope | Temperature | Rain | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 q values | 0.227 | 0.214 | 0.029 | 0.870 | 0.537 | 0.271 | 0.077 | 0.389 | 0.413 |
2020 q values | 0.123 | 0.263 | 0.065 | 0.871 | 0.507 | 0.251 | 0.074 | 0.364 | 0.412 |
Model Index | 2010 | 2020 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mgwr | OLS | Mgwr | OLS | |
R2 | 0.95 | 0.772 | 0.937 | 0.764 |
Adj. R2 | 0.941 | 0.766 | 0.927 | 0.758 |
AICc | 41.266 | 279.656 | 78.035 | 286.29 |
Residual sum of squares | 9.799 | 44.451 | 12.224 | 45.989 |
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Zhuang, Z.; Li, C.; Hsu, W.-L.; Gu, S.; Hou, X.; Zhang, C. Spatiotemporal Changes in the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in China’s Huai River Basin and Their Influencing Factors. Water 2022, 14, 2559. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162559
Zhuang Z, Li C, Hsu W-L, Gu S, Hou X, Zhang C. Spatiotemporal Changes in the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in China’s Huai River Basin and Their Influencing Factors. Water. 2022; 14(16):2559. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162559
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuang, Zhicheng, Cheng Li, Wei-Ling Hsu, Sihao Gu, Xinshan Hou, and Chunmei Zhang. 2022. "Spatiotemporal Changes in the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services in China’s Huai River Basin and Their Influencing Factors" Water 14, no. 16: 2559. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162559