Environmental Drivers and Aquatic Ecosystem Assessment of Periphytic Algae at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes over the Yangtze River Basin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Spatial Distribution of Periphytic Algae Community Structure
3.2. Relationship between Periphytic Algae Communities and Environment Variables
3.3. Indicator Species and Ecological Community Thresholds
3.4. Ecosystem Health Assessment in All Inflow River
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial Distribution of Periphytic Algae Community Structure
4.2. The Relationship between Environmental Variables and Periphytic Algae at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes
4.3. The Periphytic Algae Indicator and the Threshold of TN and TP at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes
4.4. The Ecosystem Health Assessment at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Periphytic algae from eight phyla and 126 taxa were discovered in the inflow rivers of six lakes in the Yangtze river basin, with Cyanobacteria and Bacilariophyta dominating. The driving environmental elements influencing the periphytic algae community structure are TN and TP. The lowest optimum TN concentration for periphytic algae was found to be 1.835 mg/L, with Chlorococcum being the negative responding species and Cyclotella being the positive responding species. The lowest optimum TP concentration for periphytic algae is19.5 μg/L; negative responding species include Amphora and Achnanthidium, while positive responding species include Cryptomonas.
- (2)
- For the periphytic algae density in the inflow river of six lakes, the median from high to low were the Dianchi inflow river, the Chaohu inflow river, the Poyanghu inflow river, the Danjiangkou inflow river, the Dongtinghu inflow river and the Taihu inflow river. In the Dianchi and Taihu inflow rivers, no driving environmental conditions or enriched species were discovered. Pseudanabaena was abundant in the Chaohu inflow river, and TN and pH were the primary environmental drivers. The Poyanghu inflow river was enriched in Lyngbya, and temperature and DO were the main driving environmental factors. The Navicula and Achnanthidium enriched the Danjiangkou inflow river, and the primary driving environmental elements were TP, TUB, and CODMn. The Dongtinghu inflow river was enriched in Gloeocystis, and the key driving environmental factor was pH.
- (3)
- In terms of biotic evaluation, the Danjiangkou inflow river showed significant higher evenness than the Poyanghu inflow river and the Chaohu inflow river; however, no significant differences were found in other areas. For abiotic assessment, the Dongtinghu inflow river and the Poyanghu inflow river have the best water quality, followed by the Danjiangkou inflow river, while the water quality in other places is relatively poor. Combining the biotic and abiotic assessments by the Random Forest algorithm, the ecosystem health from good to poor were: the Danjiangkou inflow river, the Dongtinghu inflow river, the Taihu inflow river, the Chaohu inflow river, the Poyanghu inflow river, the Dianchi inflow river.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Sites | Longitude | Latitude | Area | Sample Sites | Longitude | Latitude | Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 109.4803 | 27.0753 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 51 | 114.29 | 28.73 | Poyanghu inflow river |
2 | 110.0222 | 27.1486 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 52 | 114.73 | 29.18 | Poyanghu inflow river |
3 | 110.11 | 28.09 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 53 | 114.8094 | 26.6581 | Poyanghu inflow river |
4 | 110.44 | 29.13 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 54 | 114.9242 | 25.9953 | Poyanghu inflow river |
5 | 110.9115 | 28.7746 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 55 | 115.1299 | 27.2832 | Poyanghu inflow river |
6 | 111.0989 | 28.0478 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 56 | 115.4378 | 27.9188 | Poyanghu inflow river |
7 | 111.3 | 29.59 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 57 | 115.88 | 28.69 | Poyanghu inflow river |
8 | 111.4266 | 27.2074 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 58 | 116.01 | 29.19 | Poyanghu inflow river |
9 | 111.64 | 28.98 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 59 | 116.02 | 29.19 | Poyanghu inflow river |
10 | 111.88 | 29.59 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 60 | 116.04 | 28.99 | Poyanghu inflow river |
11 | 112.1176 | 28.913 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 61 | 116.0439 | 28.7864 | Poyanghu inflow river |
12 | 112.18 | 26.54 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 62 | 116.0995 | 28.5081 | Poyanghu inflow river |
13 | 112.3867 | 28.6168 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 63 | 116.17 | 28.19 | Poyanghu inflow river |
14 | 112.61 | 26.91 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 64 | 116.4305 | 28.7169 | Poyanghu inflow river |
15 | 112.77 | 29.46 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 65 | 116.55 | 27.28 | Poyanghu inflow river |
16 | 112.8 | 28.57 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 66 | 116.64 | 29.03 | Poyanghu inflow river |
17 | 112.93 | 27.33 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 67 | 117.26 | 28.28 | Poyanghu inflow river |
18 | 112.95 | 28.17 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 68 | 117.43 | 28.4 | Poyanghu inflow river |
19 | 113.03 | 28.88 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 69 | 117.9 | 28.41 | Poyanghu inflow river |
20 | 113.05 | 27.85 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 70 | 110.57 | 32.7 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
21 | 113.1 | 29.19 | Dongtinghu inflow river | 71 | 110.78 | 32.66 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
22 | 102.77 | 24.49 | Dianchi inflow river | 72 | 110.84 | 32.75 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
23 | 102.61 | 24.66 | Dianchi inflow river | 73 | 110.89 | 32.63 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
24 | 102.69 | 24.69 | Dianchi inflow river | 74 | 110.91 | 32.63 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
25 | 102.73 | 24.69 | Dianchi inflow river | 75 | 111 | 33.27 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
26 | 102.78 | 24.88 | Dianchi inflow river | 76 | 111.03 | 32.52 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
27 | 102.78 | 24.92 | Dianchi inflow river | 77 | 111.06 | 33.56 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
28 | 102.74 | 24.95 | Dianchi inflow river | 78 | 111.18 | 33.68 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
29 | 102.71 | 24.97 | Dianchi inflow river | 79 | 111.22 | 33.03 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
30 | 102.65 | 24.99 | Dianchi inflow river | 80 | 111.22 | 33.08 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
31 | 102.67 | 25.01 | Dianchi inflow river | 81 | 111.24 | 32.44 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
32 | 102.68 | 25.03 | Dianchi inflow river | 82 | 111.25 | 32.43 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
33 | 116.95 | 31.43 | Chaohu inflow river | 83 | 111.48 | 33.04 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
34 | 117.19 | 31.66 | Chaohu inflow river | 84 | 111.07 | 32.54 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
35 | 117.26 | 31.5 | Chaohu inflow river | 85 | 111.07 | 32.55 | Danjiangkou inflow river |
36 | 117.27 | 31.66 | Chaohu inflow river | 86 | 120.02 | 30.88 | Taihu inflow river |
37 | 117.32 | 31.75 | Chaohu inflow river | 87 | 120.19 | 30.93 | Taihu inflow river |
38 | 117.33 | 31.45 | Chaohu inflow river | 88 | 120.13 | 30.94 | Taihu inflow river |
39 | 117.33 | 31.84 | Chaohu inflow river | 89 | 120.34 | 30.94 | Taihu inflow river |
40 | 117.35 | 31.54 | Chaohu inflow river | 90 | 119.99 | 31.03 | Taihu inflow river |
41 | 117.36 | 31.73 | Chaohu inflow river | 91 | 119.92 | 31.31 | Taihu inflow river |
42 | 117.39 | 31.52 | Chaohu inflow river | 92 | 120.01 | 31.45 | Taihu inflow river |
43 | 117.4 | 31.8 | Chaohu inflow river | 93 | 120.42 | 31.45 | Taihu inflow river |
44 | 117.44 | 31.16 | Chaohu inflow river | 94 | 120.28 | 31.55 | Taihu inflow river |
45 | 117.53 | 31.37 | Chaohu inflow river | ||||
46 | 117.7405 | 31.7096 | Chaohu inflow river | ||||
47 | 117.79 | 31.62 | Chaohu inflow river | ||||
48 | 117.79 | 31.68 | Chaohu inflow river | ||||
49 | 117.83 | 31.6 | Chaohu inflow river | ||||
50 | 117.87 | 31.58 | Chaohu inflow river |
Assessment Standard | Shannon–Wiener Index | Pielou Index | Margalef Index | WQI |
---|---|---|---|---|
poor | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0, 25) |
fair | (0, 1) | (0, 0.3) | (0, 0.6) | (25, 50) |
average | (1, 2) | (0.3, 0.5) | (0.6, 1) | (50, 70) |
good | (2, 3) | (0.5, 0.8) | (1, 1.6) | (70, 90) |
excellent | (3, +∞) | (0.8, 1) | (1.6, 3) | (90, 100) |
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Hu, Y.; Zhang, J.; Huang, J.; Hu, S. Environmental Drivers and Aquatic Ecosystem Assessment of Periphytic Algae at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes over the Yangtze River Basin. Water 2022, 14, 2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142184
Hu Y, Zhang J, Huang J, Hu S. Environmental Drivers and Aquatic Ecosystem Assessment of Periphytic Algae at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes over the Yangtze River Basin. Water. 2022; 14(14):2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142184
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Yuxin, Jing Zhang, Jie Huang, and Sheng Hu. 2022. "Environmental Drivers and Aquatic Ecosystem Assessment of Periphytic Algae at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes over the Yangtze River Basin" Water 14, no. 14: 2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142184
APA StyleHu, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, J., & Hu, S. (2022). Environmental Drivers and Aquatic Ecosystem Assessment of Periphytic Algae at Inflow Rivers in Six Lakes over the Yangtze River Basin. Water, 14(14), 2184. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142184