Effect of Mulching and Permanent Planting Basin Dimensions on Maize (Zea mays L.) Production in a Sub-Humid Climate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site Description
2.2. Experimental Design and CSA (Treatment Description)
2.3. Soil Moisture Content Measurements
2.4. Soil Data Collection and Analysis
2.5. Maize Biomass and Yield
2.6. Estimation of Crop Evapotranspiration (ET)
2.7. Effects of CSA Practices on Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of CSA Practices on Soil Properties and Water Use Efficiency
3.1.1. Soil Moisture Content
3.1.2. Effect of CSA Practices on Bulk Density, Soil Water-Holding Capacity and Soil Moisture Storage
3.2. Effect of Adjusting CSA Practices on Maize Growth
3.2.1. Biomass
3.2.2. Grain Yield
3.2.3. Effect of CSA Practices on WUE of Maize
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CSA | Water-Holding Capacity (%) | Bulk Density (g cm−3) | Soil Moisture Storage (40 cm−1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil Depth (cm) | Soil Depth (cm) | ||||||||
0–10 | 10–20 | 20–30 | 30–40 | 0–10 | 10–20 | 20–30 | 30–40 | ||
C | 20.98 ± 0.76 d | 30.51 ± 0.30 c | 35.44 ± 1.85 b | 44.00 ± 0.56 a | 1.45 ± 0.03 a | 1.46 ± 0.04 a | 1.42 ± 0.01 a | 1.41 ± 0.01 a | 13.09 ± 0.37 c |
M_2 cm | 23.03 ± 1.16 d | 30.63 ± 0.81 c | 38.64 ± 0.69 b | 44.56 ± 0.73 a | 1.47 ± 0.01 a | 1.41 ± 0.05 a | 1.40 ± 0.02 a | 1.43 ± 0.02 a | 13.69 ± 0.54 abc |
M_4 cm | 34.58 ± 1.44 b | 33.42 ± 1.11 b | 35.63 ± 0.67 b | 46.59 ± 1.28 a | 1.30 ± 0.14 a | 1.29 ± 0.10 b | 1.32 ± 0.06 b | 1.32 ± 0.07 b | 15.02 ± 0.72 ab |
M_6 cm | 31.62 ± 1.47 c | 37.02 ± 0.60 b | 37.87 ± 0.95 b | 44.33 ± 0.69 a | 1.31 ± 0.08 b | 1.18 ± 0.01 b | 1.30 ± 0.11 c | 1.30 ± 0.10 b | 15.08 ± 0.51 a |
PPB_20 cm | 22.27 ± 0.88 d | 32.46 ± 1.43 c | 39.10 ± 1.21 b | 46.88 ± 1.34 a | 1.29 ± 0.09 b | 1.25 ± 0.1 b | 1.20 ± 0.03 a | 1.40 ± 0.07 a | 14.07 ± 0.49 abc |
PPB_30 cm | 22.92 ± 1.04 c | 38.20 ± 0.36 b | 38.20 ± 0.36 b | 43.46 ± 0.55 a | 1.16 ± 0.01 c | 1.14 ± 0.01 b | 1.18 ± 0.08 a | 1.12 ± 0.02 c | 14.28 ± 0.40 ab |
CSA | Grain Yield (kg ha−1) | WUE (kg ha−1 mm−1) |
---|---|---|
C | 4516 ± 233.43 c | 8.54 ± 0.63 d |
M_2 cm | 7469 ± 408.11 a | 15.79 ± 0.80 b |
M_4 cm | 5323 ± 378.15 b | 10.91 ± 0.96 c |
M_6 cm | 5485 ± 524.97 b | 12.17 ± 1.19 c |
PPB_20 cm | 4996 ± 393.33 bc | 11.35 ± 0.95 c |
PPB_30 cm | 7498 ± 468.74 a | 16.58 ± 0.85 a |
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Zizinga, A.; Mwanjalolo, J.-G.M.; Tietjen, B.; Bedadi, B.; Gabiri, G.; Luswata, K.C. Effect of Mulching and Permanent Planting Basin Dimensions on Maize (Zea mays L.) Production in a Sub-Humid Climate. Water 2022, 14, 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010079
Zizinga A, Mwanjalolo J-GM, Tietjen B, Bedadi B, Gabiri G, Luswata KC. Effect of Mulching and Permanent Planting Basin Dimensions on Maize (Zea mays L.) Production in a Sub-Humid Climate. Water. 2022; 14(1):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010079
Chicago/Turabian StyleZizinga, Alex, Jackson-Gilbert Majaliwa Mwanjalolo, Britta Tietjen, Bobe Bedadi, Geofrey Gabiri, and Kizza Charles Luswata. 2022. "Effect of Mulching and Permanent Planting Basin Dimensions on Maize (Zea mays L.) Production in a Sub-Humid Climate" Water 14, no. 1: 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14010079