Study of the Wet Bulb in Stratified Soils (Sand-Covered Soil) in Intensive Greenhouse Agriculture under Drip Irrigation by Calibrating the Hydrus-3D Model

Zapata-Sierra, Antonio Jesús; Roldán-Cañas, José; Reyes-Requena, Rafael; Moreno-Pérez, María Fátima

doi:10.3390/w13050600

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Study of the Wet Bulb in Stratified Soils (Sand-Covered Soil) in Intensive Greenhouse Agriculture under Drip Irrigation by Calibrating the Hydrus-3D Model

Antonio Jesús Zapata-Sierra

^1,*

José Roldán-Cañas

Rafael Reyes-Requena

and

María Fátima Moreno-Pérez

Departament of Engineering, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain

Departament of Agronomy, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Akintunde O. Babatunde

Water 2021, 13(5), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050600

Received: 31 December 2020 / Revised: 16 February 2021 / Accepted: 22 February 2021 / Published: 25 February 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water and Irrigation Management in Arid and Semiarid Zones)

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Abstract

The development of the wet bulb under drip irrigation in sand-covered soils presents a different behavior compared to the one observed in homogeneous soils. Moreover, the presence of a very active crop imposes a series of variations that have not been fully characterized. The aim of this work is to present the data acquisition methodology to calibrate and validate the Hydrus-3D model in order to safely define the evolution of moisture in wet bulbs generated in stratified “sanded” soils characteristic of greenhouses with intensive pepper crop under drip irrigation. The procedure for collecting and processing moisture data in stratified soils has been defined. Soil permeability; retention curve, texture, and bulk density have been measured experimentally for each material. It has been found that the inclusion of a previous day in the simulation improves model predictions of soil moisture distribution. In soils with less gravel, a lower average stress and a more homogeneous moisture distribution were observed. It has been proved that the Hydrus-3D model can reproduce the behavior of sand covered soils under intensive greenhouse growing conditions, and it has been possible to verify that the predictions are adequate to what has been observed in the field. In view of the results, the Hydrus-3D model could be used to establish future irrigation strategies or to locate the optimal placement point of tensiometers that control irrigation in sandy soils for intensive agriculture. View Full-Text

Keywords: stratified; layered; “sanded” soils; drip irrigation; greenhouse; hydrus-3D model

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zapata-Sierra, A.J.; Roldán-Cañas, J.; Reyes-Requena, R.; Moreno-Pérez, M.F. Study of the Wet Bulb in Stratified Soils (Sand-Covered Soil) in Intensive Greenhouse Agriculture under Drip Irrigation by Calibrating the Hydrus-3D Model. Water 2021, 13, 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050600

AMA Style

Zapata-Sierra AJ, Roldán-Cañas J, Reyes-Requena R, Moreno-Pérez MF. Study of the Wet Bulb in Stratified Soils (Sand-Covered Soil) in Intensive Greenhouse Agriculture under Drip Irrigation by Calibrating the Hydrus-3D Model. Water. 2021; 13(5):600. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050600

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zapata-Sierra, Antonio Jesús, José Roldán-Cañas, Rafael Reyes-Requena, and María Fátima Moreno-Pérez. 2021. "Study of the Wet Bulb in Stratified Soils (Sand-Covered Soil) in Intensive Greenhouse Agriculture under Drip Irrigation by Calibrating the Hydrus-3D Model" Water 13, no. 5: 600. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050600

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Study of the Wet Bulb in Stratified Soils (Sand-Covered Soil) in Intensive Greenhouse Agriculture under Drip Irrigation by Calibrating the Hydrus-3D Model

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