Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Determination of Physicochemical Parameters of Water
2.3. Sampling and Biometric Analysis of Dreissena polymorpha
2.4. Microplastic Analysis
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Temperature (° C) | pH | Conductivity (μS cm−1) | Dissolved Oxygen (mg L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lovere | 19.4 ± 0.12 | 8.63 ± 0.10 | 226 ± 2.65 | 8.32 ± 0.23 |
Costa Volpino | 18.9 ± 0.13 | 8.74 ± 0.08 | 238 ± 1.78 | 8.21 ± 0.35 |
Castro | 19.2 ± 0.09 | 8.57 ± 0.11 | 215 ± 1.23 | 8.27 ± 0.20 |
Site | Length (mm) | Width (mm) | Height (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
Lovere | 13.64 ±1.83 | 7.41 ± 0.93 | 6.62 ± 0.88 |
Costa Volpino | 13.89 ± 2.03 | 7.48 ± 1.23 | 6.61 ± 0.65 |
Castro | 13.76 ± 1.62 | 7.42 ± 0.71 | 6.47 ± 0.57 |
Site | Total Items | Items/Animal | SD | Shape | Color | Chemical Composition | Mean Size (µm) | SD | Min (µm) | Max (µm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lovere | 4 | 0.07 | 0.25 | fragment | blue | PET | 182.44 | 46.43 | 149.61 | 215.27 |
fragment | blue | PET | ||||||||
fragment | white | PA resin | ||||||||
fragment | white | PA resin | ||||||||
Costa Volpino | 14 | 0.23 | 0.43 | fiber | blue | PET | 867.0 | 1231.6 | 149.1 | 2289.17 |
fiber | blue | PET | ||||||||
fiber | blue | PET | ||||||||
fiber | blue | PET | ||||||||
fiber | blue | PET | ||||||||
fiber | blue | PET | ||||||||
fiber | red | Nylon | ||||||||
fiber | red | Nylon | ||||||||
fiber | red | Nylon | ||||||||
fiber | red | Nylon | ||||||||
fragment | blue | PP | ||||||||
fragment | blue | PP | ||||||||
fragment | blue | PP | ||||||||
fragment | blue | PP | ||||||||
Castro | 2 | 0.03 | 0.18 | fiber | green | PET | 1735.73 | 101.85 | 1163.71 | 1807.75 |
fiber | red | PVC |
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Pastorino, P.; Prearo, M.; Anselmi, S.; Menconi, V.; Bertoli, M.; Dondo, A.; Pizzul, E.; Renzi, M. Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy). Water 2021, 13, 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040434
Pastorino P, Prearo M, Anselmi S, Menconi V, Bertoli M, Dondo A, Pizzul E, Renzi M. Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy). Water. 2021; 13(4):434. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040434
Chicago/Turabian StylePastorino, Paolo, Marino Prearo, Serena Anselmi, Vasco Menconi, Marco Bertoli, Alessandro Dondo, Elisabetta Pizzul, and Monia Renzi. 2021. "Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy)" Water 13, no. 4: 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040434
APA StylePastorino, P., Prearo, M., Anselmi, S., Menconi, V., Bertoli, M., Dondo, A., Pizzul, E., & Renzi, M. (2021). Use of the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Mollusca, Bivalvia) as a Bioindicator of Microplastics Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Case Study from Lake Iseo (North Italy). Water, 13(4), 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040434