Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibition with Ultrasonication and a Commercial Antiscalant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Reagents and Instruments
2.2. Saturated Calcium Carbonate Solution
2.3. Application of Ultrasonic Radiation and Study of Effect of Ultrasonic Amplitude
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Factors Affecting Scale Inhibition
3.2. Characterization of Scale Deposits
3.2.1. Membrane Scale Deposit Measurements
3.2.2. SEM Micrograph and XRD Analysis
3.3. Comparison of Ultrasound with Commercial Antiscalants
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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pH | [CO32−]/mM |
---|---|
7 | 4.44 × 10−9 |
8 | 4.44 × 10−8 |
9 | 4.44 × 10−7 |
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Basheer, C.; Shaikh, A.A.; Al-Mutairi, E.M.; Noor El Deen, M.; Qureshi, K.K. Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibition with Ultrasonication and a Commercial Antiscalant. Water 2021, 13, 3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233428
Basheer C, Shaikh AA, Al-Mutairi EM, Noor El Deen M, Qureshi KK. Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibition with Ultrasonication and a Commercial Antiscalant. Water. 2021; 13(23):3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233428
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasheer, Chanbasha, Amjad A. Shaikh, Eid M. Al-Mutairi, Mokhtar Noor El Deen, and Khurram Karim Qureshi. 2021. "Calcium Carbonate Scale Inhibition with Ultrasonication and a Commercial Antiscalant" Water 13, no. 23: 3428. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233428