Quantifying the Impacts of Coal Mining and Soil-Water Conservation on Runoff in a Typical Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China
1
Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
3
College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Renato Morbidelli
Water 2021, 13(22), 3229; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223229
Received: 29 September 2021
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Revised: 9 November 2021
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Accepted: 9 November 2021
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Published: 14 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
Coal mining and soil-water conservation are the two major human interventions on the Loess Plateau in China. Analyzing their impacts on hydrological processes is of great significance for sustainable water resource management. Using hydrological simulation (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) and a data-driven method (double mass curve, DMC), the contributions of these two human activities and climate change to the runoff decrease were analyzed in the upper Fenhe River. The runoff in the three affected periods (1967–1987, 1988–1994, and 1995–2017) decreased by 7.5%, 28.2%, and 24.1%, respectively, compared with the base period (1957–1966). In the first affected period (1967–1987), the amount of coal mining activities was small, human activities had little impact on runoff. In the second (1988–1994) and third (1995–2017) periods, as the coal mining and soil-water conservation intensified, their contributions to the runoff decrease rapidly increased. Due to the uncertainties in the model structure and parameters, in addition to the impact of the data accuracy, the results obtained from the two methods were different, but the proportions and the trends of the contribution rates in the different periods were consistent.
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Keywords:
coal mining; soil-water conservation; SWAT; DMC; runoff decrease; attribution analysis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lin, B.; Wang, Y.; Wang, H.; Xiao, W. Quantifying the Impacts of Coal Mining and Soil-Water Conservation on Runoff in a Typical Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. Water 2021, 13, 3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223229
AMA Style
Lin B, Wang Y, Wang H, Xiao W. Quantifying the Impacts of Coal Mining and Soil-Water Conservation on Runoff in a Typical Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. Water. 2021; 13(22):3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223229
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Binbin, Yicheng Wang, Hejia Wang, and Weihua Xiao. 2021. "Quantifying the Impacts of Coal Mining and Soil-Water Conservation on Runoff in a Typical Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China" Water 13, no. 22: 3229. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13223229
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