When a Year Is Not Enough: Further Study of the Seasonality of Planktonic Protist Communities Structure in an Ice-Free High Arctic Fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.1.1. Isfjorden
2.1.2. Adventfjorden
2.2. Data Collection
2.2.1. Nutrients
2.2.2. Chlorophyll-a
2.2.3. Planktonic Protists
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Hydrography
3.2. Nutrients
3.3. Euphotic Zone Extension
3.4. Protist Taxonomic Composition
3.5. Protist Abundance and Chlorophyll-a
3.6. Protist Community Development
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | Season | Temperature [°C] | Salinity | NO3− + NO2− [mmol m−3] | PO43− [mmol m−3] | Si(OH)4 [mmol m−3] | EZ [m] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Range | Mean | Range | Mean | Range | Mean | Range | Mean | Range | |||
10.01.2013 | W | 1.55 | 1.543–1.552 | 34.7 | 34.666–34.667 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
23.01.2013 | W | 1.23 | 0.923–1.354 | 34.7 | 34.73–34.76 | 7.03 | 5.49–9.72 | 0.54 | 0.50–0.65 | 3.52 | 2.54–4.88 | - |
30.01.2013 | W | 1.08 | 1.067–1.087 | 34.8 | 34.74–34.80 | 5.9 | 4.35–8.64 | 0.52 | 0.49–0.61 | 2.84 | 1.94–4.48 | - |
05.02.2013 | W | 0.53 | 0.41–0.83 | 34.7 | 34.68–34.76 | 5.99 | 4.30–9.17 | 0.54 | 0.45–0.66 | 3.07 | 2.05–4.89 | - |
11.02.2013 | W | - | - | - | - | 6.53 | 5.40–7.39 | 0.68 | 0.51–1.06 | 2.8 | 1.97–4.08 | - |
19.02.2013 | W | 0.93 | 0.93–0.94 | 34.8 | 34.81–34.85 | 7.66 | 6.65–8.44 | 0.57 | 0.54–0.62 | 3.9 | 2.97–4.42 | - |
01.03.2013 | ES | −0.57 | −0.82–−0.30 | 34.7 | 34.64–34.77 | 5.94 | 4.29–8.06 | 0.53 | 0.45–0.60 | 2.24 | 1.52–3.53 | 40 |
15.03.2013 | ES | −0.32 | −0.36–−0.29 | 34.8 | 34.78–34.79 | 6.67 | 5.06–8.96 | 0.51 | 0.42–0.58 | 2.92 | 2.11–4.65 | - |
20.03.2013 | ES | −0.31 | −0.47–−0.25 | 34.8 | 34.77–34.79 | 4.64 | 4.06–5.80 | 0.47 | 0.44–0.49 | 2.33 | 1.81–3.48 | - |
05.04.2013 | ES | −0.37 | −0.61–−0.29 | 34.8 | 34.83–34.86 | 6.29 | 3.92–8.37 | 0.51 | 0.42–0.61 | 3.38 | 1.78–4.84 | - |
11.04.2013 | ES | −0.61 | −0.64–−0.53 | 34.8 | 34.75–34.80 | 5.51 | 3.74–8.09 | 0.49 | 0.43–0.60 | 2.77 | 1.69–4.49 | - |
19.04.2013 | S | −0.57 | −0.94–−0.35 | 34.8 | 34.77–34.81 | 8.62 | 6.27–10.83 | 0.81 | 0.64–0.96 | 4.49 | 2.57–5.84 | - |
24.04.2013 | S | −0.97 | −1.02–−0.94 | 34.4 | 34.35–34.45 | 0.73 | 0.56–1.18 | 0.2 | 0.15–0.26 | 1.39 | 1.14–1.61 | 15 |
02.05.2013 | S | −0.32 | −0.54–0.04 | 34.6 | 34.50–34.66 | 4.27 | 3.21–5.45 | 0.35 | 0.27–0.45 | 1.38 | 0.87–2.35 | - |
10.05.2013 | S | - | - | - | - | 1.06 | 0.12–3.33 | 0.13 | 0.06–0.28 | 1.25 | 1.03–1.37 | - |
15.05.2013 | S | −0.2 | −0.23–−0.18 | 34.4 | 34.34–34.50 | 0.28 | 0–1.11 | 0.08 | 0.04–0.13 | 1 | 0.15–1.39 | 30 |
24.05.2013 | S | −0.06 | −0.26–0.21 | 34.5 | 34.25–34.68 | 1.55 | 0.08–3.17 | 0.22 | 0.09–0.40 | 0.35 | 0.20–0.61 | - |
30.05.2013 | S | 0.56 | 0.28–0.85 | 34.4 | 34.32–34.45 | 0.49 | 0.25–0.88 | 0.05 | 0.03–0.07 | 1.06 | 0.75–1.19 | 20 |
05.06.2013 | S/A * | 0.9 | 0.26–1.53 | 34.2 | 33.94–34.39 | 0.71 | 0.17–1.81 | 0.08 | 0.06–0.11 | 0.14 | 0.11–0.22 | 6 |
12.06.2013 | S/A | 1.66 | 0.46–2.09 | 34.2 | 34.08–34.38 | 0.28 | 0.15–0.54 | 0.07 | 0.05–0.10 | 0.49 | 0.12–1.01 | 45 |
19.06.2013 | S/A | 1.98 | 0.19–2.81 | 34.1 | 33.87–34.43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 |
10.07.2013 | S/A | 4.23 | 1.57–6.31 | 33.2 | 31.43–34.37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
24.07.2013 | S/A | 3.96 | 0.97–6.46 | 33.3 | 31.67–34.46 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 |
07.08.2013 | S/A | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 |
22.08.2013 | S/A | 5.32 | 2.90–6.54 | 33.2 | 31.96–34.43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 |
08.09.2013 | S/A | 5.66 | 4.31–6.15 | 33.3 | 32.32–34.53 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 |
09.10.2013 | S/A | 4.84 | 4.64–5.19 | 34.3 | 34.23–34.45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Dąbrowska, A.M.; Wiktor, J.M.; Wiktor, J.M., Jr.; Kristiansen, S.; Vader, A.; Gabrielsen, T. When a Year Is Not Enough: Further Study of the Seasonality of Planktonic Protist Communities Structure in an Ice-Free High Arctic Fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen). Water 2021, 13, 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141990
Dąbrowska AM, Wiktor JM, Wiktor JM Jr., Kristiansen S, Vader A, Gabrielsen T. When a Year Is Not Enough: Further Study of the Seasonality of Planktonic Protist Communities Structure in an Ice-Free High Arctic Fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen). Water. 2021; 13(14):1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141990
Chicago/Turabian StyleDąbrowska, Anna Maria, Józef Maria Wiktor, Józef Mikołaj Wiktor, Jr., Svein Kristiansen, Anna Vader, and Tove Gabrielsen. 2021. "When a Year Is Not Enough: Further Study of the Seasonality of Planktonic Protist Communities Structure in an Ice-Free High Arctic Fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen)" Water 13, no. 14: 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141990
APA StyleDąbrowska, A. M., Wiktor, J. M., Wiktor, J. M., Jr., Kristiansen, S., Vader, A., & Gabrielsen, T. (2021). When a Year Is Not Enough: Further Study of the Seasonality of Planktonic Protist Communities Structure in an Ice-Free High Arctic Fjord (Adventfjorden, West Spitsbergen). Water, 13(14), 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141990