Experimental Analysis of Incipient Motion for Uniform and Graded Sediments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Effective Variables
2.2. Flume Set-Up
2.3. Experimental Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Determination of the Most Effective Factors on Sediment Transport
3.2. Critical Shear Velocity
3.3. Ratio of Critical Flow Velocity to Critical Shear Velocity (Vc/Vc*)
3.4. Critical Shields Stress for Graded and Uniform Sediment
3.5. Particle Densimetric Froude Number
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Flow Velocity, Shear Velocity and Shield Stress on Incipient Motion Condition
4.2. Comparison between Uniform Sediment and Counterpart Sediment Fractions of Graded Bed
4.3. Comparison with Previous Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sediment Type | Fraction, mm | d50 | σg | Sediment Size (d), mm | Density, kg/m3 | Porosity | Grain Shape |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fine gravel | 4.75–5.6 | - | - | 5.17 | 2391 | 0.4 | Rounded |
Lower Medium Gravel | 9.5–11.2 | - | - | 10.35 | 2375 | 0.4 | Rounded |
Lower Medium Gravel | 9.5–11.2 | - | - | 10.35 | 2400 | 0.45 | Angular |
Higher Medium Gravel | 13–15 | - | - | 14 | 2900 | 0.45 | Rounded |
Coarse gravel | 19–22.4 | - | - | 20.7 | 2552 | 0.43 | Rounded |
Graded (mixture) | 4.75–22.4 | 12.5 | 1.7 | 13.57 | 2567 | 0.37 | Rounded |
Sediment Size (mm) | Slope (m/m) | Flow Depth (cm) | Mean Velocity (m/s) | Froude Number | q*(*10−5) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5.17 | 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.015 | 9, 6, 4, 3.5 | 0.92, 0.83, 0.75, 0.68 | 0.97–1.6 | 6, 8, 3, 53 |
10.35-R | 0.01, 0.015, 0.03 | 8, 7, 4 | 1.11, 1.10, 1.05 | 1.2–1.65 | 31, 7, 50 |
10.35-A | 0.015– 0.0175, 0.03 | 8, 7, 4 | 1.3, 1.2, 1.07 | 1.28–1.71 | 13, 28, 52 |
14 | 0.015, 0.02, 0.03 | 8.5, 6.5, 4.5 | 1.30, 1.19, 1.10 | 1.4–1.8 | 18, 6, 17 |
20.7 | 0.03, 0.0325, 0.035 | 8, 6, 5 | 1.66, 1.42, 1.35 | 1.8–1.93 | 25, 33, 15 |
Graded | 0.015, 0.02, 0.03 | 10, 7, 5 | 1.51, 1.25, 1.25 | 1.52 | 13, 19, 29 |
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Khosravi, K.; Chegini, A.H.N.; Mao, L.; Rodriguez, J.F.; Saco, P.M.; Binns, A.D. Experimental Analysis of Incipient Motion for Uniform and Graded Sediments. Water 2021, 13, 1874. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131874
Khosravi K, Chegini AHN, Mao L, Rodriguez JF, Saco PM, Binns AD. Experimental Analysis of Incipient Motion for Uniform and Graded Sediments. Water. 2021; 13(13):1874. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131874
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhosravi, Khabat, Amir H. N. Chegini, Luca Mao, Jose F. Rodriguez, Patricia M. Saco, and Andrew D. Binns. 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Incipient Motion for Uniform and Graded Sediments" Water 13, no. 13: 1874. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131874