Analysis of Flood Fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Data Source
3. Methods
4. Results and Discussions
4.1. Spatial Distribution of Flood Fatalities
4.2. Flood Fatalities by Year
4.3. Flood Fatalities by Month
4.4. Flood Fatalities by Flood Type
4.5. Flood Fatalities by Circumstance and Time of Occurrence
4.6. Flood Fatalities by Age and Gender
5. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rank | State | Fatalities | Rank | State | Fatalities |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Texas | 1069 | 26 | New Jersey | 75 |
2 | Louisiana | 693 | 27 | Kansas | 69 |
3 | California | 339 | 28 | Oregon | 67 |
4 | Pennsylvania | 277 | 29 | Florida | 66 |
5 | Mississippi | 266 | 30 | Minnesota | 59 |
6 | Virginia | 265 | 31 | Iowa | 52 |
7 | South Dakota | 249 | 32 | Utah | 49 |
8 | Colorado | 204 | 33 | Montana | 48 |
9 | New York | 199 | 34 | Michigan | 32 |
10 | West Virginia | 189 | 35 | Nevada | 32 |
11 | Arizona | 187 | 36 | Washington | 31 |
12 | North Carolina | 181 | 37 | Nebraska | 23 |
13 | Ohio | 179 | 38 | Wisconsin | 22 |
14 | Kentucky | 178 | 39 | Wyoming | 22 |
15 | Missouri | 172 | 40 | Vermont | 20 |
16 | Oklahoma | 157 | 41 | Delaware | 18 |
17 | Tennessee | 153 | 42 | Connecticut | 15 |
18 | Arkansas | 139 | 43 | North Dakota | 15 |
19 | Georgia | 123 | 44 | New Hampshire | 12 |
20 | Illinois | 95 | 45 | Maine | 11 |
21 | Alabama | 87 | 46 | Massachusetts | 11 |
22 | Indiana | 85 | 47 | DC | 3 |
23 | New Mexico | 84 | 48 | Idaho | 2 |
24 | South Carolina | 78 | 49 | Rhode Island | 0 |
25 | Maryland | 76 | - | - | - |
Rank | State | Fatality Rate | Rank | State | Fatality Rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | South Dakota | 5.991 | 26 | North Dakota | 0.368 |
2 | Louisiana | 2.582 | 27 | Alabama | 0.354 |
3 | West Virginia | 1.684 | 28 | Georgia | 0.335 |
4 | Colorado | 1.240 | 29 | Iowa | 0.298 |
5 | Arizona | 1.196 | 30 | Maryland | 0.291 |
6 | Texas | 1.076 | 31 | Ohio | 0.271 |
7 | Montana | 1.069 | 32 | California | 0.241 |
8 | New Mexico | 0.979 | 33 | Indiana | 0.235 |
9 | Arkansas | 0.900 | 34 | Minnesota | 0.229 |
10 | Virginia | 0.814 | 35 | Nebraska | 0.222 |
11 | Wyoming | 0.790 | 36 | New Hampshire | 0.190 |
12 | Kentucky | 0.766 | 37 | New York | 0.178 |
13 | Oklahoma | 0.765 | 38 | New Jersey | 0.170 |
14 | Vermont | 0.619 | 39 | Maine | 0.152 |
15 | Nevada | 0.576 | 40 | Illinois | 0.130 |
16 | Delaware | 0.517 | 41 | Washington | 0.124 |
17 | Missouri | 0.516 | 42 | Florida | 0.094 |
18 | Tennessee | 0.506 | 43 | DC | 0.078 |
19 | Mississippi | 0.486 | 44 | Connecticut | 0.076 |
20 | Oregon | 0.470 | 45 | Wisconsin | 0.070 |
21 | Kansas | 0.453 | 46 | Michigan | 0.057 |
22 | Utah | 0.446 | 47 | Massachusetts | 0.032 |
23 | North Carolina | 0.415 | 48 | Idaho | 0.024 |
24 | Pennsylvania | 0.378 | 49 | Rhode Island | 0 |
25 | South Carolina | 0.378 | - | - | - |
Flood Type | Number | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Flash Flooding | 2249 | 41.80 |
Flood | 1414 | 26.28 |
Rain | 632 | 11.75 |
Flooding due to Hurricane/Tropical Storm/Tornadoes/Cyclones | 574 | 10.67 |
Heavy Rain & Flooding | 438 | 8.14 |
Flash Flood and Flood | 39 | 0.72 |
Tidal/Coastal Flooding | 19 | 0.35 |
Flash Flooding and River Flooding | 13 | 0.24 |
Rip Current | 3 | 0.06 |
Fatality Location/Circumstance | Number | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Vehicle (VE) | 2201 | 57.80 |
In Water (IW) | 1079 | 28.34 |
Permanent Home (PH) | 216 | 5.67 |
Outside/Open Place (OU) | 136 | 3.57 |
Boat (BO) | 59 | 1.55 |
Mobile Home (MH) | 56 | 1.47 |
Camping (CA) | 45 | 1.18 |
Business (BU) | 14 | 0.37 |
Equipment (EQ) | 2 | 0.05 |
Age Group | Number of Fatalities | Age-Adjusted Fatalities |
---|---|---|
0–9 | 318 | 51.2 |
10–19 | 371 | 59.4 |
20–29 | 347 | 51.2 |
30–39 | 288 | 40.2 |
40–49 | 262 | 33.3 |
50–59 | 292 | 31.2 |
60–69 | 256 | 20.7 |
70–79 | 174 | 8.9 |
80 and above | 103 | 2.6 |
Gender | Number of Fatalities |
---|---|
Male | 1700 (62%) |
Female | 1049 (38%) |
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Han, Z.; Sharif, H.O. Analysis of Flood Fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019. Water 2021, 13, 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131871
Han Z, Sharif HO. Analysis of Flood Fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019. Water. 2021; 13(13):1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131871
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Zhongyu, and Hatim O. Sharif. 2021. "Analysis of Flood Fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019" Water 13, no. 13: 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131871
APA StyleHan, Z., & Sharif, H. O. (2021). Analysis of Flood Fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019. Water, 13(13), 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131871