IoT Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring: Recent Techniques, Trends and Challenges for Domestic Applications
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Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
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Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Talis Juhna
Water 2021, 13(13), 1729; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131729
Received: 22 May 2021
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Revised: 7 June 2021
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Accepted: 9 June 2021
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Published: 22 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Quality Management in Water Distribution Networks)
Safe water is becoming a scarce resource, due to the combined effects of increased population, pollution, and climate changes. Water quality monitoring is thus paramount, especially for domestic water. Traditionally used laboratory-based testing approaches are manual, costly, time consuming, and lack real-time feedback. Recently developed systems utilizing wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have reported weaknesses in energy management, data security, and communication coverage. Due to the recent advances in Internet-of-Things (IoT) that can be applied in the development of more efficient, secure, and cheaper systems with real-time capabilities, we present here a survey aimed at summarizing the current state of the art regarding IoT based smart water quality monitoring systems (IoT-WQMS) especially dedicated for domestic applications. In brief, this study probes into common water-quality monitoring (WQM) parameters, their safe-limits for drinking water, related smart sensors, critical review, and ratification of contemporary IoT-WQMS via a proposed empirical metric, analysis, and discussion and, finally, design recommendations for an efficient system. No doubt, this study will benefit the developing field of smart homes, offices, and cities.
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Keywords:
Internet-of-Things; water quality; smart water tank; smart city; smart home; smart offices; smart embedded systems
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jan, F.; Min-Allah, N.; Düştegör, D. IoT Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring: Recent Techniques, Trends and Challenges for Domestic Applications. Water 2021, 13, 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131729
AMA Style
Jan F, Min-Allah N, Düştegör D. IoT Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring: Recent Techniques, Trends and Challenges for Domestic Applications. Water. 2021; 13(13):1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131729
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan, Farmanullah, Nasro Min-Allah, and Dilek Düştegör. 2021. "IoT Based Smart Water Quality Monitoring: Recent Techniques, Trends and Challenges for Domestic Applications" Water 13, no. 13: 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131729
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