Structural Properties of the Static Armor during Formation and Reestablishment in Gravel-Bed Rivers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Setup
2.2. Analytical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Probability Distribution Functions of the Bed Surface Elevation
3.2. Second-Order Structure Functions of the Bed Elevation
3.2.1. Overall Change in the Second-Order Structure Function
3.2.2. The Second-Order Structure Function Change Along the Longitudinal Direction
3.2.3. The Second-Order Structure Function Change along the Transverse Direction
4. Discussion
4.1. Bed Surface Coarsening Characteristics
4.2. Bed Surface Structural Properties
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The static armor layer’s formation process was similar to the reestablishment process after breaking of the static armor layer. The bed load transport rate increased rapidly from zero to the peak and then slowly decayed. As the flow intensity increased, the peak value of bed load transport rate also increased.
- (2)
- The probability distribution function of bed elevation underwent some adjustments between the static armor layer’s formation and reestablishment. Although the probability distribution function curve showed evidence of change in bed topography, this parameter failed to provide a reliable tool to represent particle stability and the degree of mobile bed organization. This parameter only reflected the changes in bed structure to a certain extent, but it did provide sufficient information for the changes.
- (3)
- The second-order structure functions were effectively quantified between the bed structure’s formation and reestablishment of the static armor layer. With regard to the increase in flow intensity, the difference in bed structure between the static armor layer’s formation and reestablishment was a relatively stable value. When the flow intensity increased by 20%, the previously formed stable static armor layer broke and the two-order structural function difference became relatively stable (0.12 (17#) and 0.24 (21#)). The difference in bed structure of the armor layer formed by different flow intensities was quantified using this parameter’s difference.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Run | Group | Discharge(L/s) | Shear Stress(Pa) | Depth-Average(cm) | Slope | τdest/τform1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Run 1 | 1-0 | 50 | 3.73 | 7.61 | 0.005 | 1 |
1-1 | 67.8 | 4.47 | 9.12 | 0.0048 | 1.2 | |
Run 2 | 2-0 | 67.8 | 4.51 | 9.2 | 0.005 | 1 |
2-1 | 88 | 5.64 | 11.51 | 0.0047 | 1.2 | |
Run 3 | 3-0 | 40 | 3.29 | 6.72 | 0.005 | 1 |
3-1 | 54 | 3.97 | 8.10 | 0.0049 | 1.2 | |
Run 4 | 4-0 | 54 | 3.97 | 8.10 | 0.005 | 1 |
4-1 | 72 | 4.76 | 9.72 | 0.0047 | 1.2 |
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Wang, Q.; Pan, Y.; Yang, K.; Nie, R. Structural Properties of the Static Armor during Formation and Reestablishment in Gravel-Bed Rivers. Water 2020, 12, 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071845
Wang Q, Pan Y, Yang K, Nie R. Structural Properties of the Static Armor during Formation and Reestablishment in Gravel-Bed Rivers. Water. 2020; 12(7):1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071845
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Qiang, Yunwen Pan, Kejun Yang, and Ruihua Nie. 2020. "Structural Properties of the Static Armor during Formation and Reestablishment in Gravel-Bed Rivers" Water 12, no. 7: 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071845
APA StyleWang, Q., Pan, Y., Yang, K., & Nie, R. (2020). Structural Properties of the Static Armor during Formation and Reestablishment in Gravel-Bed Rivers. Water, 12(7), 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071845