Calibration Procedure for Water Distribution Systems: Comparison among Hydraulic Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Non-Uniqueness of the Solutions
2.2. Hydraulic Models
2.3. Decision Variables
2.4. Objective Functions
3. Test Case
3.1. Data Generation and Sensor Placement
3.2. Results and Discussion
4. Test Case 2
Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Node (ID) | Pressure (m) |
---|---|
4 | 17.92 |
13 | 13.37 |
16 | 16.55 |
23 | 13.57 |
Pipe ID | Flow Rate (L/s) |
34 | 240.82 |
Solution | Best Solution | Average Values | Final Solution | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Approach | (m) | (m) | (m) | |
NDD | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.62 | |
NPD | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.34 | |
DDD | 0.52 | 0.41 | 0.46 | |
DPD | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.24 |
Solution | Best Solution | Average Values | Final Solution | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Approach | (L/s) | (L/s) | (L/s) | |
NDD | 4.60 | 4.66 | 4.76 | |
NPD | 4.29 | 4.33 | 4.34 | |
DDD | 4.95 | 2.98 | 3.63 | |
DPD | 3.57 | 2.49 | 2.55 |
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Zanfei, A.; Menapace, A.; Santopietro, S.; Righetti, M. Calibration Procedure for Water Distribution Systems: Comparison among Hydraulic Models. Water 2020, 12, 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051421
Zanfei A, Menapace A, Santopietro S, Righetti M. Calibration Procedure for Water Distribution Systems: Comparison among Hydraulic Models. Water. 2020; 12(5):1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051421
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanfei, Ariele, Andrea Menapace, Simone Santopietro, and Maurizio Righetti. 2020. "Calibration Procedure for Water Distribution Systems: Comparison among Hydraulic Models" Water 12, no. 5: 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051421
APA StyleZanfei, A., Menapace, A., Santopietro, S., & Righetti, M. (2020). Calibration Procedure for Water Distribution Systems: Comparison among Hydraulic Models. Water, 12(5), 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051421