Population Characteristics of the Limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Mediterranean (Central Greece)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Field Sampling
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physio-Chemical Measurements
3.2. Biometric Relationships
3.3. Population Density
3.4. Distribution Pattern
3.5. Condition Index (C.I.)
3.6. Age Composition
3.7. Allometric Relationships
4. Discussion
4.1. Biometric Relationships
4.2. Population Density
4.3. Distribution Pattern
4.4. Condition Index
4.5. Age Composition
4.6. Allometric Relationships
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Period | Site 1 | Site 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T (°C) | S (psu) | pH | O2 (mg/L) | T (°C) | S (psu) | pH | O2 (mg/L) | |
April | 16.06 | 38.54 | 8.32 | 6.79 | 16.95 | 38.16 | 8.32 | 6.86 |
May | 21.21 | 37.54 | 8.29 | 5.88 | 19.92 | 37.54 | 8.26 | 2.48 |
June | 25.04 | 37.47 | 8.26 | 6.61 | 26.45 | 36.64 | 8.24 | 5.71 |
July | 27.08 | 36.46 | 8.26 | 5.44 | 27.12 | 36.18 | 8.23 | 2.45 |
August | 26.67 | 36.12 | 8.26 | 2.06 | 26.78 | 36.76 | 8.31 | 5.02 |
September | 24.28 | 36.84 | 8.29 | 4.92 | 25.03 | 36.49 | 8.29 | 5.92 |
October | 21.79 | 36.42 | 8.31 | 5.22 | 22.04 | 36.84 | 8.35 | 5.54 |
November | 18.31 | 36.71 | 8.34 | 2.48 | 17.95 | 36.99 | 8.39 | 3.67 |
December | 16.01 | 36.87 | 8.31 | 2.99 | 15.64 | 36.21 | 8.24 | 4.97 |
January | 13.96 | 36.99 | 8.27 | 5.21 | 13.17 | 38.21 | 8.33 | 4.01 |
February | 13.28 | 37.67 | 8.28 | 3.04 | 13.46 | 38.03 | 8.27 | 5.11 |
March | 13.31 | 37.78 | 8.23 | 4.76 | 13.53 | 38.46 | 8.29 | 6.49 |
April | 14.62 | 38.12 | 8.24 | 6.45 | 14.93 | 37.78 | 8.24 | 6.12 |
Sampling Period | No. of Individuals | L ± SE | W ± SE | H ± SE | PL ± SE | Wt ± SE | Wf ± SE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | (n) | ||||||
Site 1 | 520 | 23.47 ± 0.23 | 19.09 ± 0.21 | 6.22 ± 0.07 | 11.21 ± 0.13 | 1.43 ± 0.05 | 0.51 ± 0.06 |
Site 2 | 520 | 23.24 ± 0.15 | 18.83 ± 0.13 | 5.97 ± 0.05 | 10.89 ± 0.09 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 0.37 ± 0.01 |
F = 0.66, p = 0.42 | F = 1.13, p = 0.29 | F = 8.51, p < 0.05 | F = 4.12, p < 0.05 | F = 12.23, p < 0.001 | F = 20.58, p < 0.001 | ||
Season | (n) | ||||||
Winter | 242 | 22.780 ± 0.27 | 18.716 ± 0.23 | 5.973 ± 0.08 | 10.576 ± 0.14 | 1.150 ± 0.04 | 0.320 ± 0.01 |
Spring | 318 | 25.140 ± 0.25 | 20.462 ± 0.24 | 6.568 ± 0.08 | 12.506 ± 0.15 | 1.663 ± 0.06 | 0.526 ± 0.02 |
Summer | 240 | 23.601 ± 0.28 | 19.136 ± 0.25 | 6.398 ± 0.09 | 10.912 ± 0.16 | 1.484 ± 0.06 | 0.467 ± 0.02 |
Autumn | 240 | 21.322 ± 0.25 | 17.044 ±0.23 | 5.288 ± 0.07 | 9.733 ± 0.13 | 0.943 ± 0.03 | 0.274 ± 0.01 |
F = 39.02, p < 0.001 | F = 37.07, p < 0.001 | F = 50.82, p < 0.001 | F = 68.59, p < 0.001 | F = 39.80, p < 0.001 | F = 51.18, p < 0.001 | ||
Total | 1040 | 23.36 ± 0.14 | 18.96 ± 0.12 | 6.09 ± 0.04 | 11.05 ± 0.08 | 1.34 ± 0.03 | 0.41 ± 0.01 |
Source of Variation | DF | SS | MS | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | 1 | 7884.38 | 7884.38 | 4.45 | 0.077 |
Season | 6 | 10,397.92 | 1732.99 | 1.25 | 0.334 |
Error | 16 | 22,195.83 | 1387.24 | ||
Total | 23 | 40,478.13 |
Area | Density (ind/m2) | Shell Length (mm) | Shell Width (mm) | Shell Height (mm) | Total Weight (gr) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strait of Gibraltar | 125 | [37] | ||||
Strait of Gibraltar | 100 | 28.87 ± 3.66 | 2.87 ± 1.09 | [39] | ||
French Mediterranean coast | 16.5 ± 9.9 | [38] | ||||
Northern Adriatic | 3–38 | 13.5–56.1 | 19.91–25.52 | 3.5–17.5 | [25] | |
Tunisia | 21.03–35.57 | 17.93–30.15 | 4.99–9.4 | [40] | ||
Turkey (Izmir Bay) | 24.36–30.75 | 10.5–46.9 | 6.26–8.9 | 2.59–4.21 | [41] | |
Pagasitikos Gulf (Central Greece) | 135.63 ± 41.95 | 23.36 ± 4.46 | 18.96 ± 4.01 | 6.09 ± 1.38 | 1.34 ± 0.89 | Present study |
Sampling Period | Sites | Population Density (ind/m2 ± SD) | Iδ | X2 | Dispersion Pattern | Significance Level | DF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | Site 1 | 55 ± 30.73 | 1.29 | 6.18 | clustered | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 177.5 ± 2.56 | 1.13 | 8.29 | random | ns | 9 | |
May | Site 1 | 122.5 ± 91.6 | 1.51 | 24.74 | clustered | <0.05 | 9 |
Site 2 | 225 ± 55.3 | 1.05 | 4.89 | random | ns | 9 | |
June | Site 1 | 132.5 ± 85.8 | 1.38 | 19.98 | clustered | <0.05 | 9 |
Site 2 | 202.5 ± 113.3 | 1.29 | 22.8 | clustered | <0.05 | 9 | |
July | Site 1 | 115 ± 69.9 | 1.34 | 15.31 | clustered | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 152.5 ± 27.5 | 1.03 | 1.79 | random | ns | 9 | |
August | Site 1 | 175 ± 76.3 | 1.11 | 7.71 | random | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 165 ± 71.9 | 1.17 | 11.27 | random | ns | 9 | |
September | Site 1 | 70 ± 30.7 | 1.18 | 4.86 | random | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 180 ± 85.6 | 1.21 | 14.71 | random | ns | 9 | |
October | Site 1 | 105 ± 28.4 | 1.07 | 2.76 | random | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 105 ± 61.0 | 1.31 | 12.76 | clustered | ns | 9 | |
November | Site 1 | 85 ± 44.4 | 1.25 | 8.35 | clustered | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 145 ± 35.0 | 1.05 | 3.03 | random | ns | 9 | |
December | Site 1 | 157.5 ± 80.0 | 1.24 | 14.63 | clustered | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 127.5 ± 71.2 | 1.29 | 14.59 | clustered | ns | 9 | |
January | Site 1 | 102.5 ± 60.6 | 1.32 | 12.89 | clustered | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 150 ± 60.1 | 1.15 | 8.67 | random | ns | 9 | |
February | Site 1 | 190 ±62.6 | 1.1 | 7.42 | random | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 95 ± 38.7 | 1.15 | 5.68 | random | ns | 9 | |
March | Site 1 | 87.5 ± 51.7 | 1.32 | 10.99 | clustered | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 140 ± 96.9 | 1.44 | 23.95 | clustered | <0.05 | 9 | |
April | Site 1 | 77.5 ± 36.2 | 1.20 | 6.09 | random | ns | 9 |
Site 2 | 137.5 ± 71.9 | 1.25 | 13.54 | random | ns | 9 |
Source of Variation | DF | MS | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abundance | 3 | 773.98 | 34.35 | <0.001 |
Error | 1036 | 22.53 | ||
Total | 1039 |
Age Group | Mean Length (mm) | Standard Deviation | Population Size | Separation Index (SI) | Population % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 11.83 | 2.220 | 8 | 3.370 | 0.82 |
2 | 18.78 | 1.900 | 228 | 2.620 | 23.41 |
3 | 23.13 | 1.420 | 408 | 2.400 | 41.89 |
4 | 26.17 | 1.110 | 213 | 3.930 | 21.87 |
5 | 30.96 | 1.330 | 78 | 3.010 | 8.01 |
6 | 34.62 | 1.100 | 28 | 3.890 | 2.87 |
7 | 40.53 | 1.940 | 11 | 3.370 | 1.13 |
Morphometric Relationships | Equation Comparison | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sampling Site | Equation | N | R2 | t-test | Allometry | Slopes | Intercepts |
Site 1 | Wt = 0.000083234 × L 3.03929 | 520 | 96.2 | ns | Isometry | * | ns |
Site 2 | Wt = 0.000133015 × L 2.88733 | 520 | 90.8 | ns | Isometry | ||
Site 1 | Wt = 0.000496301 × W 2.65566 | 520 | 94.6 | ** | -ve Allometry | * | ns |
Site 2 | Wt = 0.000750993 × W 2.50773 | 520 | 89.8 | ** | -ve Allometry | ||
Site 1 | Wt = 0.0135219 × H 2.48436 | 520 | 91.5 | ** | -ve Allometry | ** | ** |
Site 2 | Wt = 0.0291897 × H 2.07913 | 520 | 82.7 | ** | -ve Allometry | ||
Site 1 | L = 5.72765 × H 0.774654 | 520 | 88.4 | ** | -ve Allometry | ** | ** |
Site 2 | L = 8.04943 × H 0.595556 | 520 | 76.2 | ** | -ve Allometry | ||
Site 1 | L = 1.88689 × W 0.855741 | 520 | 93.2 | ** | -ve Allometry | ns | ns |
Site 2 | L = 2.14392 × W 0.812553 | 520 | 90.3 | ** | -ve Allometry | ||
Site 1 | W = 4.12051 × H 0.841331 | 520 | 87.4 | ** | -ve Allometry | ** | ** |
Site 2 | W = 6.32293 × H 0.612731 | 520 | 70.6 | ** | -ve Allometry |
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Vafidis, D.; Drosou, I.; Dimitriou, K.; Klaoudatos, D. Population Characteristics of the Limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Mediterranean (Central Greece). Water 2020, 12, 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041186
Vafidis D, Drosou I, Dimitriou K, Klaoudatos D. Population Characteristics of the Limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Mediterranean (Central Greece). Water. 2020; 12(4):1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041186
Chicago/Turabian StyleVafidis, Dimitris, Irini Drosou, Kostantina Dimitriou, and Dimitris Klaoudatos. 2020. "Population Characteristics of the Limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) in Eastern Mediterranean (Central Greece)" Water 12, no. 4: 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041186