Baseline Water Temperature: Estimation of the Annual Cycle of Surface Water Temperature in Lakes in North-Central Poland over the 1951–1968 Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Research State
2.1. Lake Surface Water Temperature Long-Term Trends
2.2. Variability of Water Temperature in the Yearly and Daily Cycle
2.3. Surface Layer in the Lake
3. Baseline of Water Temperature
3.1. Selection of the Function Best Suited to the Annual Cycle of Water Temperature Change
3.2. Water Temperature Data
3.3. Water Temperature
3.4. Baseline of Water Temperature
3.5. Baseline Or Warm and Cold Years
3.6. Response of Water Temperatures to Climate Changing (Meta-Analysis)
3.7. Limitations of the Proposed Modeling Approach
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Citation | Type | Location | LSWT Trends (°C Decade−1) | Years |
---|---|---|---|---|
[49] | IS (1) | SL: L. Superior | 0.27 a | 1906–2005 |
[15] | IS (1) | SL: L. Zurich (CH) | 0.41 b | 1947–1998 |
[50] | IS (4) | R: UK | 0.35 c (0.30–0.39) c | 1960–2000 |
[50] | IS (4) | R: Austria | 0.43 c (0.17–0.54) c | 1961–2000 |
[51] | IS (3) | R: Holand | 0.42 d | 1961–2005 |
[52] | IS (2) | SL: L. Łebsko (PL) SL: L. Charzykowskie (PL) | 0.26 e 0.25 e | 1961–2015 |
[53] | IS (1) | SL: L. Washington (U.S.) | 0.45 f | 1964−1998 |
[6] | IS (85) IS (226) | R: northeastern North America | 0.54 g 0.52 g | 1975–2014 1985–2014 |
[54] | IS (1) | SL: Piburgersee (A) | ~0.36 h 0.65 h 0.10 h | 1972–2015 1972−1993 1993–2015 |
[32] | IS (14) | R: Poland | 0.43 i (0.32–0.64) i | 1972–2016 |
[11] | IS (118) SAT (128) | Global | 0.34 j (–0.7–1.3) j | 1985–2009 |
Citation | Lake Name/ Number of Lakes | June | July | August | September | Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[48] | L. Jeziorak | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 1961–2000 |
L. Mikołajskie | −0.02 | 0.09 | 0.21 | −0.11 | ||
L. Hańcza | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.38 | −0.04 | ||
L. Studzieniczne | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.24 | −0.29 | ||
[34] | 28 | 0.39 | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 1971–2010 |
(0.2–0.8) | (0.4–1.0) | (0.2–0.9) | (0.1–0.7) | |||
L. Jeziorak | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | ||
L. Mikołajskie | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | ||
L. Hańcza | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | ||
L. Studzieniczne | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | ||
[32] | 14 | (0.2–0.8) | (0.4–0.8) | (0.4–0.6) | (0.1-0.7) | 1972–2016 |
Rank | t Coefficient | Correlation Coefficient | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | CEFP | 64.59 | 0.99880 | <0.001 |
2 | Sine | 50.32 | 0.99803 | <0.001 |
3 | Sine2 | 50.32 | 0.99803 | <0.001 |
4 | CEFP 2 | 30.20 | 0.99456 | <0.001 |
5 | Gaussian | 29.00 | 0.99411 | <0.001 |
6 | FTFI | 24.60 | 0.99184 | <0.001 |
Citation | Number of Lakes | June | July | August | September | Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
This study | 10 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.26 | 1951–1968/2010–2019 |
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Hutorowicz, A. Baseline Water Temperature: Estimation of the Annual Cycle of Surface Water Temperature in Lakes in North-Central Poland over the 1951–1968 Period. Water 2020, 12, 3574. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123574
Hutorowicz A. Baseline Water Temperature: Estimation of the Annual Cycle of Surface Water Temperature in Lakes in North-Central Poland over the 1951–1968 Period. Water. 2020; 12(12):3574. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123574
Chicago/Turabian StyleHutorowicz, Andrzej. 2020. "Baseline Water Temperature: Estimation of the Annual Cycle of Surface Water Temperature in Lakes in North-Central Poland over the 1951–1968 Period" Water 12, no. 12: 3574. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123574