Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainable Development of Reservoir Headwater Area Using China’s Tingxi Reservoir as an Example
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Instruments
2.1. Study Framework and Hypotheses
2.2. Study Procedure and Instruments
2.3. Study Scope and Limitations
3. Analysis of Results
3.1. Cognitive Analysis of Economic Development
3.2. Cognitive Analysis of Social Development
3.3. Cognitive Analysis of Environmental Development
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
4.1. Conclusions
4.2. Recommendations
4.2.1. The resident population
4.2.2. The tourists
4.2.3. The government
4.2.4. Research suggestions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Issue Content | Number of Questions |
---|---|---|
Background | Identity, gender, age | 1–3 |
Economic | Increase employment opportunities | 4–18 |
Enhance in consumer prices for tourist activity content | ||
Enhance in tourism consumption expenditure costs | ||
Tourism development to increase tourism facilities and local characteristic industrial products | ||
More diversified tourism industry categories | ||
Provide interpretive guides during travel or services for the use of amusement facilities | ||
Increase the choice of tourist, leisure and life consumption opportunities | ||
Get opportunities for promotion or preferential use of local tourist facilities | ||
Enhance scale of community tourism development | ||
Public facilities and construction and maintenance quality promotion | ||
Tourist consumption health and service quality promotion | ||
Establish communication channels between the community and the government | ||
Establish protection policies for local tourism development, to prevent monopoly by consortia | ||
Mechanisms and norms that can participate in the formulation of tourism development policies | ||
Develop DIY or product portfolio or creative products to enhance tourists’ willingness to spend | ||
Society | Enhance tourism visibility | 19–39 |
Enhance the quality of tourism services and activities | ||
Enhance understanding of the content of community sightseeing activities | ||
More treasure the community environment of tourist destinations | ||
Sufficient introduction to local tourism related indicators or descriptions | ||
Provide more choices of local tourist and leisure facilities | ||
More young people are employed locally | ||
Increased opportunities to participate in local DIY activities | ||
Improving the establishment of hardware and software facilities in local communities | ||
Tourism environment and space quality enhance | ||
Indigenous cultural traditions and historical sites are preserved | ||
Good image of local tourism-related industry business or organizations | ||
Intensive promotion and development of traditional cultural activities | ||
To feel friendly and trust the local residents | ||
Nice interaction among tourists, and between tourists and residents | ||
Increased number and visibility of traditional culture and industries | ||
tourist activity management and safety maintenance quality enhance | ||
Sufficient number of fireman and police, security officer | ||
Have a sense of security during leisure travel | ||
Willing to travel here again | ||
Surroundings | The community’s natural environment is maintained cleaner | 40–60 |
The environmental literacy concept of the villagers is good, do not throw away trash | ||
Historic buildings are preserved | ||
Willing to attach importance to and participate in the conservation of local natural ecology | ||
Willing to cooperate with environmental protection announcement slogans or manuals, care for the environment | ||
The tourist trail has a complete appearance and smooth movement | ||
The bicycle lane facilities are well preserved and circulation is best | ||
Public transportation construction is helpful for personal travel round trip | ||
Wireless Wi-Fi online provides tourist and travel information inquiry | ||
It is convenient to rent bicycle facilities and location planning | ||
To feel smooth when moving in transportation or round trip | ||
Increase in the size of community construction area and the number of facilities | ||
Sufficient planning of parking and pavilion leisure facilities | ||
Tourist will affect the quality of the local natural environment | ||
Increase leisure and experience space in tourist tours | ||
The local water source is polluted | ||
Local air quality is nice | ||
Good quality of water for people’s livelihood in tourist | ||
The development area of hillside vegetation and forest land in the village increased | ||
The artificial landscape area increased | ||
Emission intensive of fumes from car and motorcycle during tourism |
Construct | Subfacet | Issues | Cronbach’s α |
---|---|---|---|
Economic | People’s livelihood price | 1. Increase employment opportunities | 0.618–0.654 |
2. Enhance in land and house prices | |||
3. Enhance in expenditure costs | |||
Industry construction | 1. Combination of local characteristic industries | 0.809–0.815 | |
2. Increase tourism industry | |||
3. Increase interpretation facilities | |||
4. Increase leisure opportunities | |||
5. Preferential tourism facilities | |||
6. Increase tourism construction | |||
Society | Community development | 1. Maintain complete public facilities | 0.774–0.783 |
2. Enhance medical and health standards | |||
3. Establish community communication channels | |||
4. Develop protection policy settings | |||
5. Participate in tourism policy planning | |||
6. Develop creative products | |||
Village construction | 1. Enhance tourism visibility | 0.756–0.786 | |
2. Improve the quality of tourism services | |||
3. Participate in community tourism affairs | |||
4. Actively clean up the community environment | |||
5. Sufficient instructions for local tourism | |||
6. Increased selection of leisure facilities | |||
Atmosphere of life | 1. Youth return to their hometowns for development | 0.699–0.728 | |
2. Industry to contribute to local development | |||
3. Improve the living environment | |||
4. Improve the quality of tourist activities | |||
5. Protect the indigenous culture | |||
Environment | Cultural safety | 1. Best image of foreign consortia | 0.847–0.856 |
2. Development of traditional cultural activities | |||
3. Tourists feel friendly | |||
4. Best interaction among residents | |||
5. Invest in the indigenous cultural industry | |||
6. Enhance community self-government management | |||
7. Sufficient fireman and police, security officer | |||
8. Have a sense of security in life | |||
9. Willing to travel again or buy a property in the local area | |||
Conservation measures | 1. Clean community environment | 0.748–0.783 | |
2. Do not throw away trash by tourists | |||
3. Complete preservation of historical sites | |||
4. Participation in nature conservation | |||
5. Public environment awareness of environmental literacy | |||
Leisure environment | 1. Complete tourists trails | 0.781–0.800 | |
2. Perfect bicycle lane management | |||
3. Public transportation facilitates tourism | |||
4. Wi-Fi online coverage | |||
5. Cheap bicycle rental | |||
6. Complete transportation facilities | |||
Tourist facility | 1. Increased facility construction area | 0.675–0.715 | |
2. Adequate parking and leisure facilities | |||
3. Environmental quality affected by tourists | |||
4. Adequate personal living space |
Identity | Gender | Residence Time/Years of Work Experience | Identity | Gender | Residence Time/Years of Work Experience |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The elderly | Male | 25 | Tourist guide | Male | 40 |
The elderly | Female | 30 | Tourist guide | Female | 25 |
Professor | Male | 15 | |||
Construct | Issues | ||||
Impact of tourism development | 1. What impact does tourism development have on the economic, social, and environmental development of the community? 2. According to research and investigation, what causes the impact of economic, social and environmental issues? |
Identity | |||
---|---|---|---|
Identity | Percentage | Age | Percentage |
Residents | 69.7% | Under 20 | 20.4% |
Tourists | 30.8% | 21–30 | 67.2% |
Gender | Percentage | 31–40 | 6.7% |
Male | 24.1% | 41–50 | 2.2% |
Female | 75.9% | 51–60 | 1.7% |
Over 61 | 1.7% |
Facets | Highest | M | Lowest | M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residents | People’s livelihood price | Increase employment opportunities | 3.86 | Land and housing prices are rising Enhanced expenditure costs | 3.69 |
Industry construction | Enhanced tourism construction | 3.87 | Increased leisure opportunities | 3.68 | |
Community development | Participate in tourism policy planning | 3.88 | Enhanced medical and health standards | 3.71 | |
Tourists | People’s livelihood price | Increase employment opportunities | 4.04 | Land and housing prices are rising Enhanced expenditure costs | 3.74 |
Industry construction | Enhanced tourism construction | 3.96 | Enhanced interpretation facilities | 3.77 | |
Community development | Developing creative products | 4.03 | Establish community communication channels | 3.78 |
Issue | Residents | Tourists | T | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
People’s livelihood price | Increase in employment opportunities | 3.86 | 0.841 | 4.04 | 0.724 | 4.792 | 0.029 |
Land and housing prices are rising | 3.69 | 0.939 | 3.74 | 0.809 | 7.901 | 0.005 | |
Enhanced expenditure costs | 3.69 | 0.928 | 3.78 | 0.763 | 9.035 | 0.003 | |
Industry construction | Local characteristic industry combination | 3.71 | 0.946 | 3.85 | 0.797 | 9.692 | 0.002 |
Enhanced tourism construction | 3.75 | 0.854 | 3.91 | 0.788 | 6.143 | 0.014 | |
Enhanced interpretation facilities | 3.72 | 0.774 | 3.77 | 0.840 | 0.079 | 0.779 | |
Increased leisure opportunities | 3.68 | 0.963 | 3.96 | 0.747 | 23.521 | 0.000 * | |
Tourist facility discounts | 3.75 | 0.817 | 3.82 | 0.763 | 4.026 | 0.045 | |
Enhanced tourism construction | 3.87 | 0.812 | 3.90 | 0.730 | 5.721 | 0.017 | |
Community development | Complete maintenance of public facilities | 3.78 | 0.794 | 3.91 | 0.742 | 3.777 | 0.053 |
Enhanced medical and health standards | 3.71 | 0.912 | 3.89 | 0.797 | 10.742 | 0.001 * | |
Establish community communication channels | 3.74 | 0.781 | 3.78 | 0.760 | 1.082 | 0.299 | |
Development and protection policy settings | 3.75 | 0.830 | 3.86 | 0.773 | 3.131 | 0.078 | |
Participate in tourism policy planning | 3.88 | 0.820 | 3.92 | 0.764 | 4.351 | 0.038 | |
Developing creative products | 3.86 | 0.878 | 4.03 | 0.784 | 3.562 | 0.060 |
Facets | Highest | M | Lowest | M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residents | Village construction | Participate in community tourism affairs | 3.94 | Increased choice of leisure facilities Actively organize the community environment | 3.80 |
Atmosphere of life | Improve the living environment | 3.89 | Youth back to the country development | 3.73 | |
Culture safety | Feel safe in life | 3.87 | Sufficient fireman and police, security officer | 3.68 | |
Tourist | Village construction | Increased choice of leisure facilities | 3.94 | Actively sort out community environment | 3.84 |
Atmosphere of life | Industry gives back to local development | 3.94 | Youth back to the country | 3.75 | |
Culture safety | Development of traditional cultural activities | 3.93 | Sufficient fireman and police, security officer | 3.63 |
Issue | Residents | Tourists | T | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Village construction | Enhance tourism visibility | 3.92 | 0.862 | 3.91 | 0.823 | 3.113 | 0.078 |
Improve the quality of tourism services | 3.85 | 0.858 | 3.86 | 0.739 | 4.493 | 0.035 | |
Participate in community tourism affairs | 3.94 | 0.827 | 3.87 | 0.743 | 1.903 | 0.169 | |
Actively sort out community environment | 3.81 | 0.928 | 3.84 | 0.808 | 5.848 | 0.016 | |
Sufficient tourist pointer | 3.84 | 0.909 | 3.79 | 0.766 | 4.175 | 0.042 | |
Increased choice of leisure facilities | 3.81 | 0.833 | 3.94 | 0.761 | 4.393 | 0.037 | |
Atmosphere of life | Youth back to the country | 3.73 | 0.995 | 3.75 | 0.926 | 2.068 | 0.151 |
Industry gives back to local development | 3.79 | 0.865 | 3.94 | 0.752 | 5.079 | 0.025 | |
Improve the living environment | 3.89 | 0.828 | 3.93 | 0.740 | 4.708 | 0.031 | |
Enhance the quality of sightseeing activities | 3.80 | 0.909 | 3.92 | 0.793 | 7.156 | 0.008 | |
Protect the indigenous culture | 3.88 | 0.845 | 3.91 | 0.811 | 0.654 | 0.419 | |
Culture safety | best image of foreign business | 3.75 | 0.890 | 3.76 | 0.741 | 7.019 | 0.008 |
Development of traditional cultural activities | 3.78 | 0.892 | 3.93 | 0.744 | 15.780 | 0.000 * | |
Tourists feel friendly | 3.79 | 0.828 | 3.79 | 0.779 | 2.352 | 0.126 | |
best interaction among residents | 3.81 | 0.882 | 3.80 | 0.788 | 5.969 | 0.015 | |
Invest in unique cultural industries | 3.82 | 0.878 | 3.88 | 0.720 | 9.088 | 0.003 | |
Community autonomy management rises | 3.74 | 0.869 | 3.83 | 0.740 | 8.944 | 0.003 | |
Sufficient fireman and police, security officer | 3.68 | 0.919 | 3.63 | 0.821 | 3.271 | 0.071 | |
Feel safe in life | 3.87 | 0.812 | 3.80 | 0.739 | 2.932 | 0.088 | |
Willing to travel or buy a local | 3.79 | 0.776 | 3.80 | 0.846 | 0.341 | 0.560 |
Facets | Highest | M | Lowest | M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residents | Conservation measures | Historic monuments are kept intact | 3.95 | Tourists do not throw away garbage | 3.78 |
leisure environment | Wide Wi-Fi online coverage | 3.87 | Bicycle rental is cheap | 3.63 | |
Tourist facility | Environmental quality is affected by tourists | 3.95 | Sufficient personal living space | 3.69 | |
Landscape and ecological environment | Best air quality | 3.93 | Pollution of water quality | 3.63 | |
Tourist | Conservation measures | Participate in nature conservation | 3.97 | Tourists do not throw away garbage | 3.73 |
leisure environment | Public transport helps travel Wide Wi-Fi online coverage | 3.93 | Perfect bicycle lane management | 3.79 | |
Tourist facility | Sufficient personal living space | 3.91 | Adequate parking and leisure facilities | 3.81 | |
Landscape and ecological environment | best air quality | 3.90 | Car and motorcycle oil fume pollution | 3.67 |
Issue | Residents | Tourists | T | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||||
Conservation measures | To clean community environment | 3.91 | 0.792 | 3.88 | 0.769 | 0.163 | 0.687 |
Tourists do not throw away garbage | 3.78 | 0.869 | 3.73 | 0.757 | 3.736 | 0.054 | |
Historic monuments are kept intact | 3.95 | 0.834 | 3.94 | 0.776 | 4.227 | 0.040 | |
Participate in nature conservation | 3.92 | 0.786 | 3.97 | 0.760 | 1.512 | 0.220 | |
Public cognition of environmental literacy | 3.87 | 0.772 | 3.92 | 0.746 | 0.387 | 0.534 | |
Leisure environment | Complete tourist trail | 3.86 | 0.854 | 3.84 | 0.762 | 1.814 | 0.179 |
Perfect bicycle lane management | 3.74 | 0.950 | 3.79 | 0.788 | 4.282 | 0.039 | |
Public transport helps travel | 3.80 | 0.931 | 3.93 | 0.769 | 6.832 | 0.009 | |
Wide Wi-Fi online coverage | 3.87 | 0.772 | 3.93 | 0.800 | 0.186 | 0.666 | |
Bicycle rental is cheap | 3.63 | 0.882 | 3.88 | 0.800 | 4.883 | 0.028 | |
Perfect transportation line facilities | 3.86 | 0.816 | 3.85 | 0.757 | 0.888 | 0.346 | |
Tourist facility | Increased facility construction area | 3.88 | 0.767 | 3.87 | 0.727 | 0.462 | 0.497 |
Adequate parking and leisure facilities | 3.74 | 0.869 | 3.81 | 0.834 | 2.084 | 0.150 | |
Environmental quality is affected by tourists | 3.95 | 0.846 | 3.88 | 0.785 | 1.377 | 0.241 | |
Sufficient personal living space | 3.69 | 0.834 | 3.91 | 0.730 | 10.397 | 0.001 * | |
Landscape and ecological environment | Pollution of water quality | 3.63 | 0.893 | 3.77 | 0.766 | 7.078 | 0.008 |
best air quality | 3.93 | 0.807 | 3.90 | 0.758 | 0.592 | 0.442 | |
Vegetation forest land has been developed | 3.81 | 0.858 | 3.81 | 0.767 | 3.656 | 0.057 | |
Destroy the original habitat | 3.77 | 0.823 | 3.87 | 0.773 | 3.531 | 0.061 | |
Car and motorcycle oil fume pollution | 3.82 | 0.817 | 3.67 | 0.838 | 0.167 | 0.683 |
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Shen, C.-C.; Liang, C.-F.; Hsu, C.-H.; Chien, J.-H.; Lin, H.-H. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainable Development of Reservoir Headwater Area Using China’s Tingxi Reservoir as an Example. Water 2020, 12, 3311. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123311
Shen C-C, Liang C-F, Hsu C-H, Chien J-H, Lin H-H. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainable Development of Reservoir Headwater Area Using China’s Tingxi Reservoir as an Example. Water. 2020; 12(12):3311. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123311
Chicago/Turabian StyleShen, Chih-Chien, Chou-Fu Liang, Chin-Hsien Hsu, Jung-Hul Chien, and Hsiao-Hsien Lin. 2020. "Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on the Sustainable Development of Reservoir Headwater Area Using China’s Tingxi Reservoir as an Example" Water 12, no. 12: 3311. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123311