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Water
Volume 12
Issue 11
10.3390/w12113205
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Article

Numerical Reconstruction of Three Holocene Glacial Events in Qiangyong Valley, Southern Tibetan Plateau and Their Implication for Holocene Climate Changes

by
Yong Sun
1,2,
Xiangke Xu
1,3,*,
Lianqing Zhang
1,2,
Jinhua Liu
4,
Xiaolong Zhang
1,
Jiule Li
1 and
Baolin Pan
5
1
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4
School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
5
College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2020, 12(11), 3205; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113205
Received: 7 October 2020 / Revised: 12 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 / Published: 16 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transformation of Glacial and Periglacial Environments in Mountain Regions)
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Abstract

The dating of well-preserved Holocene moraines in the Qiangyong Valley, southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), offers great potential for reconstructing Holocene glacier extents and examining climate changes in the region. Guided by Holocene moraine features, this study used Geographic Information System (GIS) model tools to reconstruct paleo-glacier surfaces and glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) depressions for three Holocene glacial stages in the valley. The GIS-based models showed that the Qiangyong Valley contained ice volumes of 8.1 × 108, 6.2 × 108, and 4.6 × 108 m3 during the early Holocene, Neoglacial, and Little Ice Age (LIA) glacial stages, and that the ELA was decreased by ~230 ± 25, ~210 ± 25, and ~165 ± 25 m, respectively, compared to modern conditions. Furthermore, the summer temperatures were estimated to be 1.56–1.79, 1.37–1.64, and 1.29–1.32 °C cooler than present to support the three Holocene glacier extents, based on the evidence that the respective precipitation increased by 20–98, 13–109, and 0.9–11 mm relative to the present, which were derived from the lacustrine pollen data for the southern TP. By comparison, this study found that the amplitudes of the ELA-based summer temperature depressions were much larger than the pollen-based counterparts for the three glacial stages, although the two proxies both showed increasing trends in the reconstructed summer temperatures. View Full-Text
Keywords: paleo-glacier reconstruction; equilibrium line altitude; Holocene glacial stages; Qiangyong Valley paleo-glacier reconstruction; equilibrium line altitude; Holocene glacial stages; Qiangyong Valley
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhang, L.; Liu, J.; Zhang, X.; Li, J.; Pan, B. Numerical Reconstruction of Three Holocene Glacial Events in Qiangyong Valley, Southern Tibetan Plateau and Their Implication for Holocene Climate Changes. Water 2020, 12, 3205. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113205

AMA Style

Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhang X, Li J, Pan B. Numerical Reconstruction of Three Holocene Glacial Events in Qiangyong Valley, Southern Tibetan Plateau and Their Implication for Holocene Climate Changes. Water. 2020; 12(11):3205. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113205

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Yong, Xiangke Xu, Lianqing Zhang, Jinhua Liu, Xiaolong Zhang, Jiule Li, and Baolin Pan. 2020. "Numerical Reconstruction of Three Holocene Glacial Events in Qiangyong Valley, Southern Tibetan Plateau and Their Implication for Holocene Climate Changes" Water 12, no. 11: 3205. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113205

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